Changes in the size and electrophoretic mobility of HDL subpopulation particles in chronic kidney disease.

Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous group of particles with anti-atherogenic properties whose metabolism is alterated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the particle size and mobility of HDL subpopulations in non-dialysis CKD patients.

Methods: The study involved 42 non-dialysis CKD patients (stages 3a-4) and 18 control subjects.

The Differential Effects of HDL Subpopulations on Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)-Mediated VLDL Catabolism.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulations functional assessment is more relevant for HDL anti-atherogenic activity than cholesterol level. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of HDL-2 and HDL-3 on lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) catabolism related to hypertriglyceridemia development. VLDL and HDLs were isolated from serum by ultracentrifugation.

Decreased Efficiency of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Lipolysis Is Linked to Both Hypertriglyceridemia and Hypercholesterolemia, but It Can Be Counteracted by High-Density Lipoprotein.

Impaired triglyceride-rich lipoprotein plasma catabolism is considered the most important factor for hypertriglyceridemia development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia on the efficiency of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride lipolysis and the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in this process. Subjects with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and untreated with lipid-lowering agents were recruited into the study and divided into normolipidemic, hypercholesterolemic, and hyperlipidemic groups.

Non-HDL-C/TG ratio indicates significant underestimation of calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) better than TG level: a study on the reliability of mathematical formulas used for LDL-C estimation.

Objectives: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the main laboratory parameter used for the management of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare measured LDL-C with LDL-C as calculated by the Friedewald, Martin/Hopkins, Vujovic, and Sampson formulas with regard to triglyceride (TG), LDL-C and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)/TG ratio.

Methods: The 1,209 calculated LDL-C results were compared with LDL-C measured using ultracentrifugation-precipitation (first study) and direct (second study) methods.

Detection of Lipoprotein X (LpX): A challenge in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia.

Background: Lipoprotein X (LpX) is an abnormal lipoprotein fraction, which can be detected in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia and cholestatic liver disease. LpX is composed largely of phospholipid and free cholesterol, with small amounts of triglyceride, cholesteryl ester and protein. There are no widely available methods for direct measurement of LpX in routine laboratory practice.

The effect of Cistus incanus herbal tea supplementation on oxidative stress markers and lipid profile in healthy adults.

Background: Oxidative stress and dyslipidemia play a critical role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Regular intake of polyphenol-rich diets is associated with a reduced risk of CVDs.

Methods: The present study was a pilot study with 24 healthy volunteers and was designed to determine if a 12-week administration of Cistus incanus herbal tea, containing phenolic acids and flavonoids, reduces cardiovascular risk factors including oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in healthy adults.

Plasma Levels of Preβ1-HDL Are Significantly Elevated in Non-Dialyzed Patients with Advanced Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) decreases markedly, but there is no strong inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular diseases. This indicates that not only the HDL-C level, but also the other quantitative changes in the HDL particles can influence the protective functionality of these particles, and can play a key role in the increase of cardiovascular risk in CKD patients. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the parameters that may give additional information about the HDL particles in the course of progressing CKD.

Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease Affects HDL Impact on Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)-Mediated VLDL Lipolysis Efficiency.

Background/aims: Hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and reduction and dysfunction of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are common lipid disturbances in chronic kidney disease (CKD). HTG in CKD is caused mainly by the decreased efficiency of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated very low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) lipolysis. It has not been clarified whether HDL dysfunction in CKD contributes directly to HTG development; thus, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of CKD progression on the ability of HDL to enhance LPL-mediated VLDL-TG lipolysis efficiency.

HDL subpopulations containing apoA-I without apoA-II (LpA-I) in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease.

Background: High density lipoproteins (HDL) can be divided into two metabolically distinct fractions, one containing apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I but not ApoA-II [apolipoprotein A-I; lipoprotein (Lp) A-I] and the other containing both ApoA-I and ApoA-II (LpA-I/A-II). LpA-I fraction which, seeming to be more cardioprotective than LpA-I/A-II particles, is itself heterogeneous. Preβ1-HDL is a minor subfraction of LpA-I and the initial acceptor of cellular cholesterol in the process of reverse cholesterol transport.

Impact of plant-based diet on lipid risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a vegan diet on the serum lipid profile with particular regard to the parameters characterizing the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions in subjects without subclinical atherosclerosis, measured by carotid Doppler ultrasonography.

Methods And Results: Forty-two 23 to 38 year old subjects (21 omnivores and 21 vegans) participated in the study. Compared to the omnivores, the vegan subjects were characterized by lower parameters of lipid profile: total cholesterol (p < 0.

Impact of phosphatidylcholine liposomes on the compositional changes of VLDL during lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated lipolysis.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is accompanied by the release of surface material containing phospholipids (PL), free cholesterol (FC) and apolipoproteins, E (apoE) and Cs (apoCII, apoCIII). The released molecules are accepted by high density lipoprotein (HDL), and new HDL-sized apoE-containing particles are also generated. A decrease in the number of HDL particles or abnormalities in their structure is associated with unfavourable changes in the features of VLDL remnants.

PON-1 Activity and Plasma 8-Isoprostane Concentration in Patients with Angiographically Proven Coronary Artery Disease.

The aim of the study was to estimate association of the extent of angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) with plasma 8-isoprostane F2 (8-iso-PGF2α) levels as a reliable marker of lipid peroxidation and serum activity of paraoxonase-1, which demonstrates the ability to protect against lipid oxidation. The study included 105 patients with angiographically documented CAD (CAD+) and 45 patients with negative results of coronary angiography (CAD-). Compared to the control group CAD+ patients were characterized by increased 8-iso-PGF2α levels (P = 0.

Interaction between VLDL and phosphatidylcholine liposomes generates new γ-LpE-like particles.

One of the subfractions of HDL involved in reverse cholesterol transport is γ-LpE. It has been assumed that, like preβ-LpAI, it can be generated during the interaction between phosphatidylcholine liposomes and lipoproteins and can contribute to more efficient cholesterol efflux after the introduction of liposomes to plasma. However, there has been no evidence concerning what the sources of these particles in plasma might be.