Patient Satisfaction and Management of Postoperative Complications Following Ablative Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing of the Lower Eyelids.

Purpose: To describe postoperative management following ablative carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of the lower eyelids.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who consecutively underwent bilateral lower eyelid ablative carbon dioxide laser resurfacing by a single experienced oculoplastic surgeon over a 6-year period was conducted. Patient satisfaction, aesthetic outcomes, and postoperative complications were evaluated as adjunctive or monotherapy.

The Role of Biological Agents and Immunomodulators in Treatment Strategies for Thyroid Eye Disease: An Evidence-based Review.

Graves' Disease is an autoimmune disease where circulating antibodies bind to the thyrotropin receptors on the thyroid gland. These bound antibodies mimic thyroid stimulating hormone without the normal feedback from the anterior pituitary, causing hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. These antibodies also interact with orbital tissues and cause the characteristic orbital findings of thyroid eye disease (TED).

Thyrotropin receptor and CD40 mediate interleukin-8 expression in fibrocytes: implications for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis).

Purpose: To better understand the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) through elucidating the role of thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and CD40 in the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in peripheral blood fibrocytes. Fibrocytes infiltrate the orbit of patients with TAO, where they differentiate into fibroblasts. Fibrocyte precursors occur with increased frequency in the peripheral blood expressing TSHR and CD40 in TAO patients.

Increased CD40+ Fibrocytes in Patients With Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation.

Objective: To investigate the phenotypic and functional characteristics of peripheral and tissue-infiltrating stem cells called fibrocytes in patients with idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI).

Methods: Seven patients with IOI were studied. In the 3 patients requiring orbital biopsy, fibrocytes were identified in orbital tissue from patients with IOI compared with healthy controls using immunohistochemistry.

Increased expression of TSH receptor by fibrocytes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy leads to chemokine production.

Context: The molecular basis for anatomically dispersed clinical manifestations in Graves' disease (GD) eludes our understanding. Bone marrow-derived, pluripotent fibrocytes represent a subset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and infiltrate the orbital and thyroid tissues in GD. These cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).