Is the Symmetry of Classical Ballet Positions Perfect?

Objective: It is expected that in classical ballet dancers would be able to execute all the techniques symmetrically from the right as well as from the left side of the body. This study aimed to evaluate the symmetry of kinematic parameters of hip joints, knee joints, and foot progression angle of the left and right lower extremities (LE) in five classical ballet positions, as well as the symmetry of active and passive turnout and range of passive hip external rotation.

Methods: The experimental testing involved 12 female pre-professional ballet dancers.

Influence of School Backpack Load as a Variable Affecting Gait Kinematics among Seven-Year-Old Children.

This article investigates schoolchildren's ability to carry an additional load using a backpack (BP). According to scientific research, there is no precise limit to the maximum backpack load, which varies from 10% to 15% of body weight (BW). The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the influence of an additional external load carried using a backpack on gait kinematics among seven-year-old children in Poland, including assessment of the gender differences.

Electromyographic assessment of muscle fatigue after the Biering-Sorensen test in subjects with low back pain who underwent the McKenzie treatment.

Purpose: Chronic low back pain is a common disorder affecting about 80% of the population, caused by a disorder in the muscular system. The main aim of this study was to assess muscle fatigue during the Biering-Sorensen Test in people with chronic low back pain who underwent the McKenzie treatment.

Methods: Tests were conducted on 19 men (mean age of 41.

Isokinetic and Isometric Assessment of the Knee Joint Extensors and Flexors of Professional Volleyball Players.

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of muscle strength by using isokinetic and isometric measurements-more specifically, the force ratio between the knee flexors and extensors (values of the torques).

Methods: An experimental group of elite volleyball players (n = 14) were compared to a control group (n = 14) of healthy non-athletes of comparable ages. Torque measurements were obtained under three concentric conditions (angular velocities of 60 °/s, 180 °/s, and 300 °/s) and one static condition by utilizing the Biodex System 3.

Electromyographic evaluation of selected muscles during active hip extension in men treated McKenzie method.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate objective results of short-term treatment with the use of electromyography and to determine changes in muscle recruitment during the prone hip extension test in individuals with chronic low back pain who underwent the McKenzie treatment.

Methods: The studied group consisted of 17 male office workers aged 33-55 who underwent two experimental sessions comprising of 3 measurements and the McKenzie method of mechanical diagnosis and therapy. Electromyographic examination of selected muscles was performed during the test in order to assess changes in their activity before and after the McKenzie method and the Visual Analogue Scale was used to assess the level of pain.

Lower Extremities Strength Differences in Female Volleyball Players With Stage 1 Patellar Tendinopathy.

Kabacinski, J, Murawa, M, Fryzowicz, A, Gorwa, J, and Dworak, LB. Lower extremities strength differences in female volleyball players with stage 1 patellar tendinopathy. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2230-2235, 2022-The main purpose of the study was to compare the muscle strength between the involved knee (IK) and uninvolved knee (UK) in 12 female volleyball players with stage 1 chronic patellar tendinopathy.

Muscle activation varies between high-bar and low-bar back squat.

Background: Differences in the muscular activity between the high-bar back squat (HBBS) and the low-bar back squat (LBBS) on the same representative group of experienced powerlifters are still scarcely investigated. The main purpose of the study was to compare the normalized bioelectrical activity and maximal angles within single homogeneous group between the HBBS and LBBS for 60% one repetition maximum (1RM), 65% 1RM and 70% 1RM.

Methods: Twelve healthy men (age 24.

Biomechanical evaluation of swing-through crutch gait in patients with lower extremity injury.

Purpose: The main purpose was to determine the values of spatio-temporal parameters and ground reaction forces during the swingthrough crutch gait.

Methods: Eighteen male patients with unilateral injury within the foot, ankle or shank (age: 25.4 ± 7.

On the track of the ideal turnout: Electromyographic and kinematic analysis of the five classical ballet positions.

The turnout of the lower extremities is the major component of the classical ballet positions (CPs) and correctly is initiated in the hips. The aim of this research was to determine the differences in the electromyographic and kinematic variables in the five CPs in ballet students with greater and lesser amount of passive hip external rotation (HER). A group of 14 female pre-professional ballet dancers 11-16 years of age participated in the study.

Comparison of isokinetic knee torque and bioelectrical activity for hamstrings, quadriceps and erector spinae muscles in elite rowers.

In sweep rowers, the lower extremities muscle strength translates into the driving force of the boat. Therefore, isokinetic assessment of muscle torque is used by coaches as an indicator of the level of athletes' preparation for competitions. A total of 22 elite sweep rowers performed an isokinetic test of knee joint flexors and extensors, and a test on an asymmetric ergometer with the electromyography measures.

Which of the five classical ballet positions is the most demanding for the dancer's body? An electromyography-based study to determine muscular activity.

Purpose: The study aimed to determine which of the five classical ballet positions is the most demanding regarding muscular activity, values of external rotation in the hip joints, angular values of foot progression as well as the inclination (tilt) of the pelvis in the sagittal plane.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 14 female pre-professional ballet dancers (aged 11-16) participated. Participants were tasked with the sequential adoption of five classical ballet positions (CP1-CP5).

Reference values of spatiotemporal parameters, joint angles, ground reaction forces, and plantar pressure distribution during normal gait in young women.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish the reference values of spatiotemporal parameters, joint angles, ground reaction forces and plantar pressure distribution collected simultaneously on the same measurement path during normal gait in a homogenous group of young, healthy women.

Methods: The studied group consisted of 28 healthy women aged 21 years on average. The motion capture system BTS Smart-D, 2 AMTI force platforms and Footscan pedobarographic platform were used in this research.

Prophylaxis of medial compartment gonarthrosis in varus knee - current state of knowledge.

The progression of gonarthrosis results in reduction of physical activity. One of the factors that increase the risk of osteoarthrosis may be joint overload related to the malalignment of the mechanical axis of the lower extremity. The medial compartment (MC) of the knee is particularly susceptible to overload due to the external knee adduction moment (EKAM).

The significance of body mass index in calculating the cut-off points for low muscle mass in the elderly: methodological issues.

Objectives: Cut-off points (COPs) for appendicular lean mass (ALM) index, essential to define low muscle mass (LMM) in the elderly, have never been officially defined for Poland. The aim of the study was to establish them. Additionally, the significance of body mass index (BMI) for correctly defining the COPs in a young, healthy reference group was assessed.

Phemister epiphysiodesis in leg length inequality treatment--evaluative outcome analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Phemister epiphysiodesis for leg length inequality (LLI) treatment in comparison with epiphysiodesis techniques currently in use and to determine factors that may influence outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen girls and sixteen boys with a mean skeletal age of 12.2 years and a mean functional LLI of 3.