Coordinated reprogramming of renal cancer transcriptome, metabolome and secretome associates with immune tumor infiltration.

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cancer. The molecules (proteins, metabolites) secreted by tumors affect their extracellular milieu to support cancer progression. If secreted in amounts detectable in plasma, these molecules can also serve as useful, minimal invasive biomarkers.

Increased DNA repair capacity augments resistance of glioblastoma cells to photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer therapy of low invasiveness. The therapeutic procedure involves administering a photosensitizing drug (PS), which is then activated with monochromatic light of a specific wavelength. The photochemical reaction produces highly toxic oxygen species.

A bespoke health risk assessment methodology for the radiation protection of astronauts.

An alternative approach that is particularly suitable for the radiation health risk assessment (HRA) of astronauts is presented. The quantity, Radiation Attributed Decrease of Survival (RADS), representing the cumulative decrease in the unknown survival curve at a certain attained age, due to the radiation exposure at an earlier age, forms the basis for this alternative approach. Results are provided for all solid cancer plus leukemia incidence RADS from estimated doses from theoretical radiation exposures accumulated during long-term missions to the Moon or Mars.

The Potential of Fasting and Caloric Restriction to Mitigate Radiation Damage-A Systematic Review.

Detrimental health effects from ionizing radiation to living organisms is one of the key concerns identified and addressed by Radiation Protection institutions, nationally and internationally on Earth and for human spaceflight. Thus, new methods for mitigating the adverse effects of ionizing radiation are urgently needed for terrestrial health and deep space exploration. Caloric restriction and (intermittent-) fasting have been reported to elicit a variety of immediate and long-term physiological effects.

Differences in gene expression profiles at the early stage of Solanum lycopersicum infection with mild and severe variants of potato spindle tuber viroid.

Viroids with small, non-coding circular RNA genome can induce diseases in many plant species. The extend of infection symptoms depends on environmental conditions, viroid strain, and host plant species and cultivar. Pathogen recognition leads to massive transcriptional reprogramming to favor defense responses over normal cellular functions.

Response to a DNA vaccine against the H5N1 virus depending on the chicken line and number of doses.

Background: Avian influenza virus infections cause significant economic losses on poultry farms and pose the threat of a possible pandemic outbreak. Routine vaccination of poultry against avian influenza is not recommended in Europe, however it has been ordered in some other countries, and more countries are considering use of the avian influenza vaccine as a component of their control strategy. Although a variety of such vaccines have been tested, most research has concentrated on specific antibodies and challenge experiments.

Correction: Kędzierska, H., et al. Decreased Expression of SRSF2 Splicing Factor Inhibits Apoptotic Pathways in Renal Cancer. 2016, , 1598.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]: in Figure 4 the same gelscans were mistakenly pasted to illustrate splicing changes of: i) BIM in KIJ-265T and KIJ308T cells,and ii) MCL-1 in UOK171 and KIJ-265T [...

Changes in global gene expression indicate disordered autophagy, apoptosis and inflammatory processes and downregulation of cytoskeletal signalling and neuronal development in patients with Niemann-Pick C disease.

Changes in gene expression profiles were investigated in 23 patients with Niemann-Pick C1 disease (NPC). cDNA expression microarrays with subsequent validation by qRT-PCR were used. Comparison of NPC to control samples revealed upregulation of genes involved in inflammation (MMP3, THBS4), cytokine signalling (MMP3), extracellular matrix degradation (MMP3, CTSK), autophagy and apoptosis (CTSK, GPNMB, PTGIS), immune response (AKR1C3, RCAN2, PTGIS) and processes of neuronal development (RCAN2).

The factors present in regenerating muscles impact bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell fusion with myoblasts.

Background: Satellite cells, a population of unipotent stem cells attached to muscle fibers, determine the excellent regenerative capability of injured skeletal muscles. Myogenic potential is also exhibited by other cell populations, which exist in the skeletal muscles or come from other niches. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells inhabiting the bone marrow do not spontaneously differentiate into muscle cells, but there is some evidence that they are capable to follow the myogenic program and/or fuse with myoblasts.

Root Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Global Changes Induced by Systemic Infection of with Mild and Severe Variants of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid.

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) causes systemic infection in plant hosts. There are many studies on viroid-host plant interactions, but they have predominantly focused on the aboveground part of the plant. Here, we investigated transcriptomic profile changes in tomato roots systemically infected with mild or severe PSTVd variants using a combined microarray/RNA-seq approach.

The Influence of Cell Source and Donor Age on the Tenogenic Potential and Chemokine Secretion of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Background: Cellular therapy is proposed for tendinopathy treatment. Bone marrow- (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue- (ASC) derived mesenchymal stromal cells are candidate populations for such a therapy. The first aim of the study was to compare human BM-MSCs and ASCs for their basal expression of factors associated with tenogenesis as well as chemotaxis.

Gene expression profile in patients with Gaucher disease indicates activation of inflammatory processes.

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by pathogenic variants in the GBA1 gene. So far, the pathomechanism of GD was investigated mainly in animal models. In order to delineate the molecular changes in GD cells we analysed gene expression profile in cultured skin fibroblasts from GD patients, control individuals and, additionally, patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC).

Transcriptional response to a prime/boost vaccination of chickens with three vaccine variants based on HA DNA and Pichia-produced HA protein.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza causes severe economic losses and is a potential threat to public health. Better knowledge of the mechanisms of chicken response to the novel types of vaccines against avian influenza might be helpful in their successful implementation into poultry vaccination programs in different countries. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of gene expression response elicited in chicken spleens by a combined DNA/recombinant protein prime/boost vaccination compared to DNA/DNA and protein/protein regimens.

The Oxidative Metabolism of Fossil Hydrocarbons and Sulfide Minerals by the Lithobiontic Microbial Community Inhabiting Deep Subterrestrial Kupferschiefer Black Shale.

Black shales are one of the largest reservoirs of fossil organic carbon and inorganic reduced sulfur on Earth. It is assumed that microorganisms play an important role in the transformations of these sedimentary rocks and contribute to the return of organic carbon and inorganic sulfur to the global geochemical cycles. An outcrop of deep subterrestrial ~256-million-year-old Kupferschiefer black shale was studied to define the metabolic processes of the deep biosphere important in transformations of organic carbon and inorganic reduced sulfur compounds.

Time-Course Microarray Analysis Reveals Differences between Transcriptional Changes in Tomato Leaves Triggered by Mild and Severe Variants of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid.

Viroids are small non-capsidated non-coding RNA replicons that utilize host factors for efficient propagation and spread through the entire plant. They can incite specific disease symptoms in susceptible plants. To better understand viroid-plant interactions, we employed microarray analysis to observe the changes of gene expression in "Rutgers" tomato leaves in response to the mild (M) and severe (S23) variants of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd).

Transient MicroRNA Expression Enhances Myogenic Potential of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known regulators of various cellular processes, including pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We analyzed differentiation of two ESC lines-D3 and B8, and observed significant differences in the expression of miRNAs and genes involved in pluripotency and differentiation. We also examined if transient miRNA overexpression could serve as a sufficient impulse modulating differentiation of mouse ESCs.

Increased ParB level affects expression of stress response, adaptation and virulence operons and potentiates repression of promoters adjacent to the high affinity binding sites parS3 and parS4 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Similarly to its homologs in other bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa partitioning protein ParB facilitates segregation of newly replicated chromosomes. Lack of ParB is not lethal but results in increased frequency of anucleate cells production, longer division time, cell elongation, altered colony morphology and defective swarming and swimming motility. Unlike in other bacteria, inactivation of parB leads to major changes of the transcriptome, suggesting that, directly or indirectly, ParB plays a role in regulation of gene expression in this organism.

Cell cycle regulation of embryonic stem cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking functional Pax7.

The transcription factor Pax7 plays a key role during embryonic myogenesis and in adult organisms in that it sustains the proper function of satellite cells, which serve as adult skeletal muscle stem cells. Recently we have shown that lack of Pax7 does not prevent the myogenic differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. In the current work we show that the absence of functional Pax7 in differentiating embryonic stem cells modulates cell cycle facilitating their proliferation.

Stem cells migration during skeletal muscle regeneration - the role of Sdf-1/Cxcr4 and Sdf-1/Cxcr7 axis.

The skeletal muscle regeneration occurs due to the presence of tissue specific stem cells - satellite cells. These cells, localized between sarcolemma and basal lamina, are bound to muscle fibers and remain quiescent until their activation upon muscle injury. Due to pathological conditions, such as extensive injury or dystrophy, skeletal muscle regeneration is diminished.

Molecular Mechanism for Cellular Response to β-Escin and Its Therapeutic Implications.

β-escin is a mixture of triterpene saponins isolated from the horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). The anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory and venotonic properties of β-escin have been the most extensively clinically investigated effects of this plant-based drug and randomized controlled trials have proved the efficacy of β-escin for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.

Decreased Expression of SRSF2 Splicing Factor Inhibits Apoptotic Pathways in Renal Cancer.

Serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2(SRSF2) belongs to the serine/arginine (SR)-rich family of proteins that regulate alternative splicing. Previous studies suggested that SRSF2 can contribute to carcinogenic processes. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer, highly aggressive and difficult to treat, mainly due to resistance to apoptosis.