Methods for Thrips Transmission and Maintenance of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV).

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is transmitted by insect pests from the Thripidae family, including Frankliniella occidentalis, commonly known as western flower thrips. For experimental purposes, researchers have developed methods for inoculating host plants with TSWV, allowing thrips to acquire TSWV, and verifying thrips acquisition. Plants can be inoculated with TSWV either mechanically or with thrips in the lab, but in nature, the virus is transmitted by thrips.

First Report of Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus (INSV) Infecting Tomatoes in North Carolina.

Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) (Orthotospovirus impatiensnecromaculae) is a virus in the Order Bunyavirales and Family Tospoviridae. The virus is vectored by several species of thrips and is a serious pathogen of ornamentals and lettuce in the United States (Hasegawa & Del Pozo-Valdivia 2023; Daughtrey, M. L.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips, via embryonic microinjection.

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, poses a significant challenge in global agriculture as a notorious pest and a vector of economically significant orthotospoviruses. However, the limited availability of genetic tools for F. occidentalis hampers the advancement of functional genomics and the development of innovative pest control strategies.

RNAi-mediated knockdown of exportin 1 negatively affected ovary development, survival and maize mosaic virus accumulation in its insect vector Peregrinus maidis.

Exportin 1 (XPO1) is the major karyopherin-β nuclear receptor mediating the nuclear export of hundreds of proteins and some classes of RNA and regulates several critical processes in the cell, including cell-cycle progression, transcription and translation. Viruses have co-opted XPO1 to promote nucleocytoplasmic transport of viral proteins and RNA. Maize mosaic virus (MMV) is a plant-infecting rhabdovirus transmitted in a circulative propagative manner by the corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis.

Multigenic Hairpin Transgenes in Tomato Confer Resistance to Multiple Orthotospoviruses Including Sw-5 Resistance-Breaking Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus.

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and related thrips-borne orthotospoviruses are a threat to food and ornamental crops. Orthotospoviruses have the capacity for rapid genetic change by genome segment reassortment and mutation. Genetic resistance is one of the most effective strategies for managing orthotospoviruses, but there are multiple examples of resistance gene breakdown.

Plant virology.

The first infectious agent to bear the name 'virus' was described in 1898: a plant pathogen called tobacco mosaic virus that infects a wide range of plants and results in a yellow mosaic of the leaves. Since then, the study of plant viruses has facilitated new discoveries in both virology and plant biology. Traditionally, research has focused on viruses that cause severe disease in plants used for human and animal food or recreation.

Abaxial leaf surface-mounted multimodal wearable sensor for continuous plant physiology monitoring.

Wearable plant sensors hold tremendous potential for smart agriculture. We report a lower leaf surface-attached multimodal wearable sensor for continuous monitoring of plant physiology by tracking both biochemical and biophysical signals of the plant and its microenvironment. Sensors for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs), temperature, and humidity are integrated into a single platform.

A call to arms: novel strategies for thrips and tospovirus control.

Thrips and the tospoviruses they transmit are some of the most significant threats to food and ornamental crop production globally. Control of the insect and virus is challenging and new strategies are needed. Characterizing the thrips-virus interactome provides new targets for disrupting the transmission cycle.

Structural and functional insights into the ATP-binding cassette transporter family in the corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis.

The corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis, is an economically important pest of maize and sorghum. Its feeding behaviour and the viruses it transmits can significantly reduce crop yield. The control of P.

A Capsid Protein Fragment of a Fusagra-like Virus Found in Latex Interacts with the 50S Ribosomal Protein L17.

Papaya sticky disease is caused by the association of a fusagra-like and an umbra-like virus, named papaya meleira virus (PMeV) and papaya meleira virus 2 (PMeV2), respectively. Both viral genomes are encapsidated in particles formed by the PMeV ORF1 product, which has the potential to encode a protein with 1563 amino acids (aa). However, the structural components of the viral capsid are unknown.

First Report of Resistance-Breaking Variants of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) Infecting Tomatoes with the Sw-5 Tospovirus-Resistance Gene in North Carolina.

Widespread use of tomato cultivars with the Sw-5 resistance gene has led to the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) strains of tomato spotted wilt virus across the globe. In June of 2022, tomato spotted wilt (TSW) symptoms were observed at two farms (A and B, within 15 miles of each other) in Rowan County, NC on several commercial TSW resistant tomato cultivars (all heterozygous for the Sw-5 gene). At farm A, ~10% of plants had symptomatic foliage with ~30% of fruit with symptoms, while at farm B, up to 50% of plants had symptomatic foliage with ~80% of fruit with symptoms.

The physical interactome between Peregrinus maidis proteins and the maize mosaic virus glycoprotein provides insights into the cellular biology of a rhabdovirus in the insect vector.

Rhabdovirus glycoproteins (G) serve multifunctional roles in virus entry, assembly, and exit from animal cells. We hypothesize that maize mosaic virus (MMV) G is required for invasion, infection, and spread in Peregrinus maidis, the planthopper vector. Using a membrane-based yeast two-hybrid assay, we identified 107 P.

Rescue of the first alphanucleorhabdovirus entirely from cloned complementary DNA: An efficient vector for systemic expression of foreign genes in maize and insect vectors.

Recent reverse genetics technologies have enabled genetic manipulation of plant negative-strand RNA virus (NSR) genomes. Here, we report construction of an infectious clone for the maize-infecting Alphanucleorhabdovirus maydis, the first efficient NSR vector for maize. The full-length infectious clone was established using agrobacterium-mediated delivery of full-length maize mosaic virus (MMV) antigenomic RNA and the viral core proteins (nucleoprotein N, phosphoprotein P, and RNA-directed RNA polymerase L) required for viral transcription and replication into Nicotiana benthamiana.

Sex-biased proteomic response to tomato spotted wilt virus infection of the salivary glands of Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips.

Successful transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) by Frankliniella occidentalis requires robust infection of the salivary glands (SGs) and virus delivery to plants during salivation. Feeding behavior and transmission efficiency are sexually-dimorphic traits of this thrips vector species. Proteins secreted from male and female SG tissues, and the effect of TSWV infection on the thrips SG proteome are unknown.

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: 2022.

The family comprises viruses with negative-sense (-) RNA genomes of 10-16 kb. Virions are typically enveloped with bullet-shaped or bacilliform morphology but can also be non-enveloped filaments. Rhabdoviruses infect plants or animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians or fish, as well as arthropods, which serve as single hosts or act as biological vectors for transmission to animals or plants.

In silico analysis of the predicted protein-protein interaction of syntaxin-18, a putative receptor of Ashmead (Hemiptera: ) with Maize mosaic virus glycoprotein.

The corn planthopper, Ashmead (Hemiptera:Delphacidae), is a widely distributed insect pest which serves as a vector of two phytopathogenic viruses, Maize mosaic virus (MMV) and Maize stripe virus (MStV). It transmits the viruses in a persistent and propagative manner. MMV is an alphanucleorhabdovirus with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA unsegmented genome.

Integrated microneedle-smartphone nucleic acid amplification platform for in-field diagnosis of plant diseases.

We demonstrate an integrated microneedle (MN)-smartphone nucleic acid amplification platform for "sample-to-answer" diagnosis of multiplexed plant pathogens within 30 min. This portable system consists of a polymeric MN patch for rapid nucleic acid extraction within a minute and a 3D-printed smartphone imaging device for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction and detection. We expanded the extraction of the MN technology for DNA targets as in the previous study (ACS Nano, 2019, 13, 6540-6549) to more fragile RNA biomarkers, evaluated the storability of the extracted nucleic acid samples on MN surfaces, and developed a smartphone-based LAMP amplification and fluorescent reader device that can quantify four LAMP reactions on the same chip.

Microinjection of Corn Planthopper, Peregrinus maidis, Embryos for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing.

The corn planthopper, Peregrinus maidis, is a pest of maize and a vector of several maize viruses. Previously published methods describe the triggering of RNA interference (RNAi) in P. maidis through microinjection of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) into nymphs and adults.

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Benefits Its Thrips Vector by Modulating Metabolic and Plant Defense Pathways in Tomato.

Several plant viruses modulate vector fitness and behavior in ways that may enhance virus transmission. Previous studies have documented indirect, plant-mediated effects of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on the fecundity, growth and survival of its principal thrips vector, , the western flower thrips. We conducted thrips performance and preference experiments combined with plant gene expression, phytohormone and total free amino acid analyses to determine if systemically-infected tomato plants modulate primary metabolic and defense-related pathways to culminate into a more favorable environment for the vector.

Ever-increasing viral diversity associated with the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Formicidae: Hymenoptera).

Background: Advances in sequencing and analysis tools have facilitated discovery of many new viruses from invertebrates, including ants. Solenopsis invicta is an invasive ant that has quickly spread worldwide causing significant ecological and economic impacts. Its virome has begun to be characterized pertaining to potential use of viruses as natural enemies.