A cross-sectional questionnaire study: Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia remains prevalent in adults with type 1 diabetes and is associated with the risk of severe hypoglycaemia.

Objective: Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) is a risk factor for severe hypoglycaemia (SH) in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Much of the IAH prevalence data comes from older studies where participants did not have the benefit of the latest insulins and technologies. This study surveyed the prevalence of IAH and SH in a tertiary adult clinic population and investigated the associated factors.

Associations between glucagon prescribing, hospital admissions for hypoglycaemia and continuous glucose monitoring metrics in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To assess features associated with glucagon prescribing and hospital admissions with hypoglycaemia in type one diabetes.

Methods: Observational study of 4462 adults. Outcome measures were features associated with glucagon prescriptions and predictors of hospital admissions with hypoglycaemia and high levels of glucagon prescribing.

Changes in continuous glucose monitoring metrics and predictors of improvement 12 months after conversion from Freestyle Libre to Freestyle Libre 2.

Aims: We sought to assess whether conversion from Freestyle Libre to Freestyle Libre 2 (with low and high glucose alert functions) was associated with improved glucose metrics.

Research Design And Methods: A prospective observational study to assess changes in CGM metrics in 672 adults with type 1 diabetes when converting to Freestyle Libre 2. Secondary outcomes included predictors of reduction in time below range (TBR) and increase in time in range (TIR).

Healthcare professionals' views about how pregnant women can benefit from using a closed-loop system: Qualitative study.

Background: Interest is growing in how closed-loop systems can support attainment of within-target glucose levels amongst pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. We explored healthcare professionals' views about how, and why, pregnant women benefitted from using the CamAPS FX system during the AiDAPT trial.

Methods: We interviewed 19 healthcare professionals who supported women using closed-loop during the trial.

Rollout of Closed-Loop Technology to Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: Healthcare Professionals' Views About Potential Challenges and Solutions.

To explore healthcare professionals' views about the training and support needed to rollout closed-loop technology to pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. We interviewed ( = 19) healthcare professionals who supported pregnant women using CamAPS FX closed-loop during the Automated insulin Delivery Amongst Pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes (AiDAPT) trial. Data were analyzed descriptively.

AiDAPT: automated insulin delivery amongst pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomized controlled trial - study protocol.

Background: Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes strive for tight glucose targets (3.5-7.8 mmol/L) to minimise the risks of obstetric and neonatal complications.

COVID-19 vaccine-associated subacute thyroiditis: an unusual suspect for de Quervain's thyroiditis.

Subacute thyroiditis following vaccination is an uncommon presentation of thyrotoxicosis. As the world undertakes its largest immunisation campaign to date in an attempt to protect the population from COVID-19 infections, an increasing number of rare post vaccine side effects are being observed. We report a case of a middle-aged woman who presented with painful thyroid swelling following the second dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) with clinical, biochemical and imaging features consistent with destructive thyrotoxicosis.

Substantial HbA1c Reduction Following Intermittent-Scanning Continuous Glucose Monitoring Was Not Associated With Early Worsening of Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy (EWDR) was observed in the intensively treated arm of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) before long-term benefits accrued. We sought to assess whether there may be an increased risk of EWDR in high-risk individuals following intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring (iscCGM) commencement.

Methods: An observational study of 139 individuals with type 1 diabetes ≥5 years duration and with baseline HbA1c >75 mmol/mol (9.

HbA1c reduction following flash monitoring commencement is not independently associated with adverse diabetic eye disease outcomes in type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Intensification of therapy has been associated with early worsening of retinopathy prior to subsequent risk reduction. We sought to assess whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction, following flash monitoring, was associated with early worsening.

Research Design And Methods: An observational study in 541 individuals with type 1 diabetes and paired HbA1c and eye assessment prior to and following flash monitoring commencement.

Socioeconomic deprivation, technology use, C-peptide, smoking and other predictors of glycaemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Intensive glycaemic control is associated with substantial health benefits in people with type 1 diabetes. We sought to examine clinical and demographic factors associated with meeting glycaemic targets in type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4594 individuals with type 1 diabetes.

HbA1c Is Disproportionately Higher in Women and Older People With Type 1 Diabetes Compared With Flash Glucose Monitoring Metrics of Glycemic Control.

Aims: Discrepancy between HbA1c and glucose exposure may have significant clinical implications. We sought to assess predictors of disparity between HbA1c and flash monitoring metrics and how these relate to microvascular complications.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults with type 1 diabetes ( = 518).

HbA1c response and hospital admissions following commencement of flash glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Our aim was to assess the effect of introducing flash monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes with respect to change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and frequency of hospital admissions.

Research Design And Methods: Prospective observational study of adults with type 1 diabetes in our center, in whom a prescription for a flash monitoring sensor was collected. Primary outcome was change in HbA1c between 2016 and after flash monitoring.

Barriers, Facilitators, and Potential Solutions to Advancing Interoperable Clinical Decision Support: Multi-Stakeholder Consensus Recommendations for the Opioid Use Case.

With the advent of interoperability standards such as FHIR, SMART, CDS Hooks, and CQL, interoperable clinical decision support (CDS) holds great promise for improving healthcare. In 2018, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)-sponsored Patient-Centered CDS Learning Network (PCCDS LN) chartered a Technical Framework Working Group (TechFWG) to identify barriers, facilitators, and potential solutions for interoperable CDS, with a specific focus on addressing the opioid epidemic. Through an open, multi-stakeholder process that engaged 54 representatives from healthcare, industry, and academia, the TechFWG identified barriers in 6 categories: regulatory environment, data integration, scalability, business case, effective and useful CDS, and care planning and coordination.

Marked improvement in HbA following commencement of flash glucose monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Minimal evidence supports the efficacy of flash monitoring in lowering HbA. We sought to assess the impact of introducing flash monitoring in our centre.

Methods: We undertook a prospective observational study to assess change in HbA in 900 individuals with type 1 diabetes following flash monitoring (comparator group of 518 with no flash monitoring).

Predicting outcomes and complications following radioiodine therapy in Graves' thyrotoxicosis.

Objective: Radioiodine (RAI) is an effective treatment for Graves' thyrotoxicosis but is associated with a failure rate of 15% and may be a risk factor for thyroid eye disease (TED) and weight gain. We sought to examine predictors of RAI failure, weight gain, TED and patient satisfaction.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Early screening and treatment of gestational diabetes in high-risk women improves maternal and neonatal outcomes: A retrospective clinical audit.

Aims: Evidence suggests that screening for gestational diabetes (GDM) occurs too late in pregnancy, when changes in glucose metabolism and fetal growth rates can already be detected. In August 2016 NHS Lothian began screening women with risk factors for GDM during early pregnancy (11-13 weeks). We hypothesised that an earlier identification and treatment of dysglycaemia would improve pregnancy outcomes compared to previous standard care.

Diagnosis of insulin autoimmune syndrome using polyethylene glycol precipitation and gel filtration chromatography with ex vivo insulin exchange.

Context: Insulin-binding antibodies may produce severe dysglycaemia in insulin-naïve patients ('insulin autoimmune syndrome' (IAS) or Hirata disease), while rendering routine insulin assays unreliable.

Objective: To assess the performance of clinically used insulin assays and an optimal analytical approach in the context of IAS.

Design: Observational biochemical study of selected patients with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.

Acute effects of glucocorticoids on endothelial fibrinolytic and vasodilator function in humans.

Acute coronary events occur most commonly in the morning, when circadian variations dictate that endogenous fibrinolytic activity is low and cortisol levels are high. We hypothesized that glucocorticoids would impair the acute fibrinolytic capacity of the endothelium because chronic glucocorticoid excess is associated with a prothrombotic state and endothelial vasomotor dysfunction. Twelve healthy subjects attended on 3 occasions and received oral metyrapone followed by intravenous saline or low-dose or high-dose hydrocortisone.