Prenatal, birth, and postnatal mediators of maternal education level and children affected with obesity at five years.

Objective: To establish which prenatal, birth, and postnatal characteristics mediate the association between maternal educational level and having a child with obesity at five years.

Study Design: This is a sub analysis of a longitudinal study nested in the BMInForma (Bambini Molto In Forma) program. BMInForma is an ongoing public health multilevel intervention started in 2013 to prevent childhood obesity.

Understanding the association between mother's education level and effectiveness of a child obesity prevention intervention: a secondary analysis of an RCT.

Objectives: to explain differences in effectiveness of paediatrician-led motivational interviewing (MI) in decreasing body mass index (BMI) between children of mothers with low or high education level.

Design: secondary analysis of a randomised control trial.

Setting And Participants: individually randomized controlled trial previously conducted from 2011 to 2013 in the province of Reggio Emilia (Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy).

Describing the Process and Tools Adopted to Cocreate a Smartphone App for Obesity Prevention in Childhood: Mixed Method Study.

Background: Childhood obesity prevention is a public health priority in industrialized countries. The Reggio Emilia Local Health Authority has implemented a program involving primary and secondary prevention as well as the care of obese children. There are many health-promoting mobile apps, but few are targeted to children and very few are sponsored by public health agencies.

Early life weight patterns and risk of obesity at 5 years: A population-based cohort study.

Childhood obesity is a major public health problem in industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the risk of obesity at age 5 based on BMI categories at age 3 and changes in BMI z-score from birth to 3 years of age. In this population-based study BMI data of 5173 children were collected at ages 3 and 5 and were linked to information relative to birth weight.

Motivational Interviewing to Treat Overweight Children: 24-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Pediatrician-led motivational interviewing can be an effective way of controlling BMI in overweight children in the short term. Its long-term efficacy is unknown. The primary aim was to determine whether the short-term (12-month) impact of family pediatrician-led motivational interviews on the BMI of overweight children could be sustained in the long term (24 months), in the absence of any other intervention.

Pediatrician-led motivational interviewing to treat overweight children: an RCT.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of family pediatrician-led motivational interviews (MIs) on BMI of overweight (85th ≥ BMI percentile ≥ 95 th) children aged 4 to 7 years.

Methods: All the family pediatricians working in Reggio Emilia Province (Italy) were invited to participate in the study; 95% accepted. Specific training was provided.

Nebivolol decreases oxidative stress in essential hypertensive patients and increases nitric oxide by reducing its oxidative inactivation.

Objective: To obtain further insight into the mechanism underlying the vasodilator effect of nebivolol. Since oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) is regarded as an important cause of its decreased biological activity, we studied (1) the effect of nebivolol on some oxidative parameters in essential hypertensive patients; (2) the effect of plasma of nebivolol-treated patients on reactive oxygen species production and NO availability in endothelial cells.

Methods: A total of 20 healthy subjects and 20 matched essential hypertensive patients treated with atenolol or nebivolol according to a double-blind, randomized design participated in the study.

Nebivolol and its 4-keto derivative increase nitric oxide in endothelial cells by reducing its oxidative inactivation.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the vasodilator mechanisms of nebivolol, a high selective beta(1)-receptor antagonist with antioxidant properties.

Background: Oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) is regarded as an important cause of its decreased biological activity.

Methods: Oxidative stress was induced through the binding of oxidized (ox)-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to its specific endothelial receptor, called "lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1" (LOX-1), in bovine and human endothelial cells and in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing bovine LOX-1 (BLOX-1-CHO cells).

Antioxidant activity of different dihydropyridines.

Lacidipine, a dihydropyridine-based calcium antagonist (DHP), has already been demonstrated to possess antioxidant activity and to reduce the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To verify if this effect is a peculiarity of this molecule, or belongs to other DHPs, the activity of lacidipine was compared with those of amlodipine, lercanidipine, nimodipine, and nifedipine. The DHPs were incorporated in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs).

The platelet-endothelium interaction mediated by lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 reduces the intracellular concentration of nitric oxide in endothelial cells.

Objectives: To address the potential role of the endothelial lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) in the thrombotic system, in this study we first examined whether platelet interaction with LOX-1 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide (O2.-) and then investigated the relationship between the intracellular production of O2.- and the availability of nitric oxide (NO).

Zofenopril inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells by reducing reactive oxygen species.

Hypertension and coronary artery disease are intimately connected. The migration of circulating monocytes into the subendothelial occurs through the expression of some adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, a redox-sensitive element, plays a key role in adhesion molecule gene induction.