Switching to the Minimed™ 780G system achieves clinical targets for CGM in adults with type 1 diabetes regardless of previous insulin strategy and baseline glucose control.

Aims: Advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) systems represent the latest introduction in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Randomized controlled trials and real-world evidence studies showed that AHCL systems are a safe and effective insulin management strategy. Aim of this retrospective, single-center, real-life study was to evaluate the effect on metabolic control, evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics, of the switch from four available insulin strategies to an AHCL system in adult patients with type 1 diabetes.

Switching from Suspend-Before-Low Insulin Pump Technology to a Hybrid Closed-Loop System Improves Glucose Control and Reduces Glucose Variability: A Retrospective Observational Case-Control Study.

There are no data whether hybrid closed-loop (HCL) systems are superior to sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy with predictive low glucose suspend (PLGS) feature in improving glucose control. Aim of our study was to evaluate the effect on metabolic control and glucose variability of the switch from SAP therapy with PLGS to a HCL system in type 1 diabetic individuals. Forty adults with type 1 diabetes, who had been using SAP therapy with PLGS feature (Minimed 640G; Medtronic, Northridge, CA) for at least 12 months were evaluated in a 6-month case-control observational retrospective study.

Vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels and 6-year change in peripheral nerve function and neurological signs.

Background: Low vitamin B12 and high homocysteine (Hcy) levels are common in older adults and may be associated with worse neurological function. The aim of this study is to determine whether changes in B12 or Hcy levels are associated with longitudinal changes in peripheral nerve function and clinical neurological signs and symptoms.

Methods: Participants aged 60 years and older at baseline (n = 678; 72.

The relationship between plasma carotenoids and depressive symptoms in older persons.

Objective: We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between plasma carotenoids and depressive symptoms over a 6-year follow-up in older persons.

Methods: This research is part of the InCHIANTI Study, a prospective population-based study of older persons in Tuscany, Italy. The sample for this analysis included 958 women and men aged 65 years and older.

Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk.

Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure or  ≥90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure). Even small increments in blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Genome-wide association study identifies six new loci influencing pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure.

Numerous genetic loci have been associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Europeans. We now report genome-wide association studies of pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In discovery (N = 74,064) and follow-up studies (N = 48,607), we identified at genome-wide significance (P = 2.

Bisphenol A exposure is associated with in vivo estrogenic gene expression in adults.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic estrogen commonly used in polycarbonate plastic and resin-lined food and beverage containers. Exposure of animal and cell models to doses of BPA below the recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 50 μg/kg/day have been shown to alter specific estrogen-responsive gene expression, but this has not previously been shown in humans.

Objective: We investigated associations between BPA exposure and in vivo estrogenic gene expression in humans.

Endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products is associated with low serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and elevated IL-6 in older community-dwelling adults.

Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are thought to cause inflammation through interaction with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), therefore contributing to adverse aging-related processes. The relationship between AGEs, RAGE, and inflammation has not been well characterized.

Methods: We examined the relationship of plasma endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE); carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a circulating AGE; and inflammatory mediators in 1,298 adults, 20-97 years, who participated in the InCHIANTI study in Tuscany, Italy.

SHBG, sex hormones, and inflammatory markers in older women.

Context: In premenopausal and older women, high testosterone and estradiol (E2) and low SHBG levels are associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, conditions characterized by low-grade inflammation.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between SHBG, total testosterone, total E2, and inflammatory markers in older women.

Design And Patients: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 433 women at least 65 yr old from the InCHIANTI Study, Italy, who were not on hormone replacement therapy or recently hospitalized and who had complete data on SHBG, testosterone, E2, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6r), and TNF-α.

LRP5 gene polymorphism and cortical bone.

Background And Aims: There is evidence that distinct genetic polymorphisms of LRP5 are associated with low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and the risk of fracture. However, relationships between LRP5 polymorphisms and micro- and macro architectural bone characteristics assessed by pQCT have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of Ala1330Val and Val667Met polymorphisms in LRP5 gene with volumetric BMD (vBMD) and macro-architectural bone parameters in a population-based sample of men and women.

Mediterranean diet and mobility decline in older persons.

We examined whether adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet has positive effects on mobility assessed over a 9-year follow-up in a representative sample of older adults. This research is part of the InCHIANTI Study, a prospective population-based study of older persons in Tuscany, Italy. The sample for this analysis included 935 women and men aged 65 years and older.

Plasma soluble gp130 levels are increased in older subjects with metabolic syndrome. The role of insulin resistance.

Objective: Increased interleukin-6 plasma levels have been reported in metabolic syndrome (MS); nevertheless, it is unclear whether interleukin-6 activity is exerted through direct signalling only or also through the "trans-signalling". This issue is important to clarify since signalling and "trans-signalling" affect different tissues. We investigated the relationship between MS and the interleukin-6 system in an older population.

Daily bisphenol A excretion and associations with sex hormone concentrations: results from the InCHIANTI adult population study.

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical widely used in packaging for food and beverages. Numerous studies have demonstrated that BPA can alter endocrine function in animals, yet human studies remain limited.

Objective: We estimated daily excretion of BPA among adults and examined hypothesized associations with serum estrogen and testosterone concentrations.

Frailty and the homeostatic network.

Trajectories of health and functioning with age show extreme variability among different individuals. In frail, older persons the decline in functional reserve is accelerated and compensatory mechanisms start failing, with high risk of homeostasis disruption and consequent negative health outcomes. Frailty is currently conceptualized as an age-related alteration in physiology and pathology that results into a typical constellation of signs and symptoms.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in older women and men.

Context: Hypovitaminosis D and depressive symptoms are common conditions in older adults.

Objective: We examined the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and depressive symptoms over a 6-yr follow-up in a sample of older adults.

Design And Setting: This research is part of a population-based cohort study (InCHIANTI Study) in Tuscany, Italy.

Trail Making Test predicts physical impairment and mortality in older persons.

Objectives: To examine whether performance in the Trail Making Test (TMT) predicts mobility impairment and mortality in older persons.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Community-dwelling older persons enrolled in the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) Study.

Personal mastery and lower body mobility in community-dwelling older persons: the Invecchiare in Chianti study.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that, in older persons, sense of personal mastery, defined as the extent to which one regards one's life chance as being under one's own control, predicts change in lower extremity performance during a 6-year follow-up.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Community based.

The paraoxonase (PON1) Q192R polymorphism is not associated with poor health status or depression in the ELSA or INCHIANTI studies.

Background: The human paraoxonase (PON1) protein detoxifies certain organophosphates, and the PON1 Q192R polymorphism (rs662) affects PON1 activity. Groups with higher dose exposure to organophosphate sheep dips or first Gulf War nerve toxins reported poorer health if they had 192R, and these associations have been used to exemplify Mendelian randomization analysis. However, a reported association of 192R with depression in a population-based study of older women recently cast doubt on the specificity of the higher dose findings.