Influence of picolinic acid on seizure susceptibility in mice.

Background: The mechanism of drug resistance in epilepsy remains unknown. Picolinic acid (PIC) is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway and a chelating agent added to dietary supplements. Both inhibitory and excitatory properties of PIC were reported.

Retigabine: the newer potential antiepileptic drug.

Retigabine represents an antiepileptic drug possessing a completely different mechanism of action when compared to the existing classical and newer antiepileptic drugs. In the therapeutic range, retigabine enhances potassium currents, very likely via destabilization of a closed conformation or stabilization of the open conformation of the potassium Kv7.2-7.

Effect of arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, on the protective action of the various antiepileptic drugs in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA - a highly selective cannabinoid type 1 [CB1] receptor agonist) on the protective action and acute adverse effects of carbamazepine, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and topiramate in the maximal electroshock seizure model and chimney test in mice. Tonic hind limb extension (seizure activity) was evoked in adult male albino Swiss mice by a current (sine-wave, 25 mA, 500 V, 50 Hz, 0.2s stimulus duration) delivered via auricular electrodes.

Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide, a highly selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, enhances the anticonvulsant action of valproate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model.

Endogenous cannabinoid ligands and cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonists have been shown to exert potent anticonvulsant effects in various experimental models of epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA; N-(2-chloroethyl)-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenamide, a highly selective cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonist) on the threshold for electroconvulsions and the anticonvulsant activity of valproate in the maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. To inhibit the rapid metabolic degradation of ACEA by the fatty-acid amide hydrolase, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) was used at a constant ineffective dose of 30 mg/kg (i.

Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characterization of interactions between levetiracetam and numerous antiepileptic drugs in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure model: an isobolographic analysis.

Purpose: Approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy do not experience satisfactory seizure control with antiepileptic drug (AED) monotherapy and often require polytherapy. The potential usefulness of AED combinations, in terms of efficacy and adverse effects, is therefore of major importance. The present study sought to identify potentially useful AED combinations with levetiracetam (LEV) METHODS: With isobolographic analysis, the mouse maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model was investigated with regard to the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin, phenobarbital (PB), valproate, lamotrigine, topiramate (TPM), and oxcarbazepine (OXC), administered singly and in combination with LEV.

Levetiracetam selectively potentiates the acute neurotoxic effects of topiramate and carbamazepine in the rotarod test in mice.

The effect of levetiracetam (LEV) on the acute neurotoxic profiles of various antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine [CBZ], phenytoin [PHT], phenobarbital [PB], valproate [VPA], lamotrigine [LTG], topiramate [TPM], oxcarbazepine [OXC], and felbamate [FBM]) was evaluated in the rotarod test, allowing the determination of median toxic doses (TD50 values) with respect to impairment of motor coordination in mice. The TD50 of LEV administered singly was 1601 mg/kg. Whilst LEV at 150 mg/kg, being its TID50 (a dose increasing the electroconvulsive threshold by 50%), was without effect with regards to motor coordination impairment associated with PHT, PB, VPA, LTG, OXC, and FBM, it significantly enhanced that associated with CBZ and TPM co-administration.