Automation of a modular method (EN 1528) for analysis of GC-amenable pesticides in food of animal origin.

Current manual multi-methods for analysis of pesticides are limited due to their complexity and scope of pesticides, high demand for time and solvent or unsuitability for broad types of food of animal origin. The following research presents a novel automated sample preparation and purification method for various food matrices of animal origin, including milk, raw milk, dairy products, cheese, eggs, fish, fish products, and offal. The Ultra-Turrax® Tube Drive System enables quick fat extraction using a solvent mixture of cyclohexane/ethyl acetate/acetonitrile.

Temperature and depth mediate resource competition and apparent competition between Mysis diluviana and kokanee.

In many food webs, species in similar trophic positions can interact either by competing for resources or boosting shared predators (apparent competition), but little is known about how the relative strengths of these interactions vary across environmental gradients. Introduced Mysis diluviana shrimp interact with planktivorous fishes such as kokanee salmon (lacustrine Oncorhynchus nerka) through both of these pathways, and effective management depends on understanding which interaction is more limiting under different conditions. An "environmental matching" hypothesis predicts the ecological impacts of Mysis are maximized under cool conditions near its thermal optimum.