Interdependence of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Myopia.

Myopia (also known as nearsightedness), a prevalent refractive error, occurs when parallel rays of light converge in front of the retina, resulting in blurry distance vision. Recently, there has been a marked rise in myopia among the global population. The absence of effective methods of controlling the progression of this visual defect prompts the search for new preventive and therapeutic options.

Retinal Vein Occlusion-Background Knowledge and Foreground Knowledge Prospects-A Review.

Thrombosis of retinal veins is one of the most common retinal vascular diseases that may lead to vascular blindness. The latest epidemiological data leave no illusions that the burden on the healthcare system, as impacted by patients with this diagnosis, will increase worldwide. This obliges scientists to search for new therapeutic and diagnostic options.

The Role of Vitamin D3 in Ocular Diseases.

Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes within the human body, including having a positive effect on eye health. It is renowned for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic properties. Its deficiency is evolving into a significant global challenge.

Prevention and Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Role of Diet-A Review.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal disorder. In comparison to diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration, RVO is usually an unexpected event that carries a greater psychological impact. There is strong evidence to suggest that cardiovascular diseases are the most common risk factors in this pathology and it has long been known that a higher consumption of fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables has a protective effect against these types of conditions.

A Mediterranean Diet May Be Protective in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy.

The Mediterranean diet is recognized as one of the healthiest available dietary patterns. This perception results from its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and, also, on hypertension, diabetes, and cancer compared with other diets. Its impact on the course of diabetes is assessed in the available scientific literature; however, little information is available about its impact on diabetic retinopathy.

Current Approach to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataracts.

Cataracts remain the first or second leading cause of blindness in all world regions. In the diabetic population, cataracts not only have a 3-5 times higher incidence than in the healthy population but also affect people at a younger age. In patients with type 1 diabetes, cataracts occur on average 20 years earlier than in the non-diabetic population.

Assessment of the Refractive Error and Stabilisation of Refraction after Cataract Surgery in Relation to the Length of the Eyeball.

The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in refraction, depending on the length of the eyeball, in patients who had undergone cataract surgery using the phacoemulsification method and to assess the stability of refraction. A total of 90 patients (46 to 85 years of age) took part in the study and were divided into three groups: emmetropic, hypermetropic, and myopic. Two types of intraocular lenses were used: Bausch (Akreos AO) and Rayner (C-flex).

The Role of Resveratrol in Eye Diseases-A Review of the Literature.

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trans-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin belonging to the stilbene family. It is commonly found in grape skins and seeds, as well as other plant-based foods. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in the initiation and progression of age-related eye disorders (glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration) that lead to a progressive loss of vision and blindness.

The Effect of Hyperlipidemia on the Course of Diabetic Retinopathy-Literature Review.

Diabetes mellitus is a very important social issue, and its retinal complications continue to be one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. The effect of glucose level on the development of retinal retinopathy has been the subject of numerous studies and is well understood. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia have been known to be important risk factors in the development of diabetes complications.

The Effect of Diet and Lifestyle on the Course of Diabetic Retinopathy-A Review of the Literature.

Diabetes is a major social problem. As shown by epidemiological studies, the world incidence of diabetes is increasing and so is the number of people suffering from its complications. Therefore, it is important to determine possible preventive tools.

Integrins: An Important Link between Angiogenesis, Inflammation and Eye Diseases.

Integrins belong to a group of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) which is a large group of membrane-bound proteins. They are responsible for cell attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and signal transduction from the ECM to the cells. Integrins take part in many other biological activities, such as extravasation, cell-to-cell adhesion, migration, cytokine activation and release, and act as receptors for some viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Neuroretinal Degeneration in Diabetic Patients.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a vital societal problem as epidemiological studies demonstrate the increasing incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Lesions observed in the retina in the course of diabetes, referred to as diabetic retinopathy (DR), are caused by vascular abnormalities and are ischemic in nature. Vascular lesions in diabetes pertain to small vessels (microangiopathy) and involve precapillary arterioles, capillaries and small veins.

Co-Transplantation of Bone Marrow-MSCs and Myogenic Stem/Progenitor Cells from Adult Donors Improves Muscle Function of Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder associated with a progressive deficiency of dystrophin that leads to skeletal muscle degeneration. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a co-transplantation of two stem/progenitor cell populations, namely bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and skeletal muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (SM-SPCs), directly into the dystrophic muscle can improve the skeletal muscle function of DMD patients. Three patients diagnosed with DMD, confirmed by the dystrophin gene mutation, were enrolled into a study approved by the local Bioethics Committee (no.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with clinical severity of dry eye disease of patients with depression.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of inflammatory cytokines levels in tears with severity of dry eye disease in a cohort of patients with depression.

Material And Methods: Tear fluid samples were collected from 32 patients with depression treated with antidepressants, and 34 healthy subjects. Cytokines were assessed by ELISA.

Neuroretinal Apoptosis as a Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important complication of diabetes and is considered one of the main causes of blindness in moderate-income and highly-developed countries. As it is a major socioeconomic problem, defining all mechanisms that may lead to DR development is of great importance. In the 21st century diabetic lesions occurring in the retina are well known.

[Dry eye disease in patients treated with antidepressants].

Purpose: Dry eye disease is defined as a multifactorial disease of tears and ocular surfaces that causes discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. This study aimed to determine dry eye findings in patients with depression.

Material And Methods: There were 40 patients with depression aged 18-65 years old.

[Evaluate the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of diabetic maculopathy].

Unlabelled: Diabetes mellitus concerns a growing number of people in the world. Its complications are an important social problem. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the leading causes of visual loss in the course of the disease.

[Evaluation of the arterial blood flow parameters in the eye of myopic patients].

Unlabelled: Myopia is a common refractive defect. Has a good vision from near and deterioration of vision with increasing distance. The main reason for its occurrence is too long axis of the eyeball.

[Blood flow in vessels supplying the eye in persons with degenerative myopia. Part II. Blood flow in the central retinal artery].

Purpose: To analyse the blood flow parameters in the central retinal artery (CRA) of myopic patients depending on the severity of the degenerative changes in ocular fundi.

Methods: 70 myopic subjects, aged 18 to 79 years, with the axial ocular length ranging between 22.61 and 33.

[Blood flow in vessels supplying the eye in persons with degenerative myopia. Part I. Blood flow in the ophthalmic artery].

Background: Mechanism of hemodynamic disturbances of blood circulation within the afferent vessels supplying the retina and the choroid, considered as one of main underlying causes of degenerative changes in myopic patients, is exceptionally likely, although not entirely proven.

Purpose: To estimate the blood flow parameters in the ophthalmic artery of myopic subjects, depending on the extent and severity of progression of degenerative lesions observed in ocularfundi.

Methods: A prospective study included 70 myopic persons, aged from 18 to 79 years (44.

A Becker myotonia patient with compound heterozygosity for CLCN1 mutations and Prinzmetal angina pectoris.

Becker myotonia is a recessive muscle disease with prevalence of > 1:50,000. It is caused by markedly reduced function of the chloride channel encoded by CLCN1. We describe a Polish patient with severe myotonia, transient weakness, and muscle cramps who only responds to lidocaine.

[Endoscopic resection of sphenoid sinus tumor compressing the optic nerve].

Thanks to recent technical refinements the orbital apex can be explored endoscopically and this approach is used for tumor biopsy in some specialized centers. Nevertheless, only a few instances of total tumor resection have been reported to date. In this contribution we report a case of a 64 years old woman in whom we used neuronavigated endoscopy and intraoperative Doppler sonography, for total removal of a tumor located in the sphenoid sinus and invading the orbital apex.