The Many Faces of Immune Thrombocytopenia: Mechanisms, Therapies, and Clinical Challenges in Oncological Patients.

Unlabelled: The pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is complex and involves the dysregulation of immune cells, such as T and B lymphocytes, and several cytokines that promote the production of autoantibodies. In the context of cancer patients, ITP can occur in both primary and secondary forms related to anticancer therapies or the disease itself.

Objective: In light of these data, we decided to prepare a literature review that will explain the classification and immunological determinants of the pathogenesis of ITP and present the clinical implications of this condition, especially in patients with cancer.

Preliminary investigations of plasma lipidome and selenium levels in adults with treated hypothyroidism and in healthy individuals without selenium deficiency.

The present preliminary study aimed to provide a targeted lipidomic analysis of Hashimoto (HT) and non-HT patients with well-controlled hypothyroidism as well as in healthy adults, and is the first to demonstrate the association of several components of the human lipidome with hypothyroidism in relation to the total plasma selenium content. All the patients and age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy controls met the very strict qualification criteria. Se levels were analyzed by ICP-MS, and lipidome studies were conducted using TQ-LC/MS.

Application of Human Plasma Targeted Lipidomics and Analysis of Toxic Elements to Capture the Metabolic Complexities of Hypothyroidism.

Background: Hypothyroidism (HT) affects millions worldwide and can lead to various lipid disorders. The metabolic complexity and the influence of toxic elements in autoimmune and non-autoimmune HT subtypes are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between plasma lipidome, toxic elements, and clinical classifications of HT in unexposed individuals.

The Relationship between Cancer Stage, Selected Immunological Parameters, Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, and Total Serum Content of Iron, Zinc, and Copper in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer.

(1) Background: the purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between cancer stage, selected immunological parameters, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and total serum content of iron, zinc, and copper in patients with laryngeal cancer (LC). (2) Methods: serum Fe, Zn, and Cu were measured in 40 LC patients and 20 controls. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry using fluorescent antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD25, CD69, and PD-1.

Measurements of cadmium levels in relation to tobacco dependence and as a function of cytisine administration.

Cigarette smoking delivers a number of heavy metals, including cadmium (Cd), into the body. Bioaccumulation may result in an increase in pathological consequences over time. The assessment of changes in serum Cd concentrations during the treatment of cigarette dependence with cytisine was performed for the first time.

Optimization of Se- and Zn-Enriched Mycelium of (Berk.) Pegler as a Dietary Supplement with Immunostimulatory Activity.

Mycelial cultures of , an edible and medicinal mushroom, have been used in our previous research to obtain selenium-containing immunomodulatory preparations. Our current attempts to obtain a new preparation containing both selenium and zinc, two micronutrients necessary for the functioning of the immune system, extended our interest in the simultaneous accumulation of these elements by mycelia growing in media enriched with selenite and zinc(II) ions. Subsequently, we have studied the effects of new mycelium water extracts with different concentrations of selenium and zinc on the activation of T cell fraction in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

Peripubertal Alterations of Leptin Levels in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Elevated or Normal Body Weight.

Leptin, which plays a key role in energy homeostasis, is known as a neurotrophic factor possibly linking nutrition and neurodevelopment. Available data on the association between leptin and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are confusing. The aim of this study was to explore whether plasma levels of leptin in pre- and post-pubertal children with ASD and/or overweightness/obesity differ from those of BMI- and age-matched healthy controls.

Similar Pro- and Antiangiogenic Profiles Close to Delivery in Different Clinical Presentations of Two Pregnancy Syndromes: Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum levels of anti- and pro-angiogenic substances measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and their ratios in pregnancies complicated by different clinical subsets of placental ischemic syndrome: preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction. A prospective case-control study was performed consisting of 77 singleton pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, preeclampsia with concurrent fetal growth restriction (FGR), and isolated normotensive FGR pairwise matched by gestational age with healthy pregnancies. The entire study cohort was analyzed with respect to adverse pregnancy outcomes that occurred.

Metal Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Crosstalk between Toxic and Essential Metals.

Since hundreds of years ago, metals have been recognized as impacting our body's physiology. As a result, they have been studied as a potential cure for many ailments as well as a cause of acute or chronic poisoning. However, the link between aberrant metal levels and neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), is a relatively new finding, despite some evident ASD-related consequences of shortage or excess of specific metals.

Research into the Association of Cadmium and Manganese Excretion with Thyroid Function and Behavioral Areas in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Thyroid dysfunction and toxic metal exposure have been linked to the increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, the relationship between those factors remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum level of hormones, namely thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and urinary cadmium (U-Cd) and urinary manganese (U-Mn), in patients with ASD. The study group consisted of 129 adolescents with ASD, and the control group consisted of 86 healthy persons.

The Clinical, Pathological, and Prognostic Value of High PD-1 Expression and the Presence of Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer.

Due to the development of molecular diagnostic techniques, the latest research in the diagnosis of cancer diseases, including laryngeal cancer, has been focused on the occurrence of specific types of molecular patterns, including markers expressed on cells of the immune system (e.g., PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4), which may be directly or indirectly involved in the development of neoplastic diseases.

A Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Gut Microbiota in Immunological and Nutritional Aspects.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is generally progressive and irreversible, structural or functional renal impairment for 3 or more months affecting multiple metabolic pathways. Recently, the composition, dynamics, and stability of a patient's microbiota has been noted to play a significant role during disease onset or progression. Increasing urea concentration during CKD can lead to an acceleration of the process of kidney injury leading to alterations in the intestinal microbiota that can increase the production of gut-derived toxins and alter the intestinal epithelial barrier.

Selected Essential and Toxic Chemical Elements in Hypothyroidism-A Literature Review (2001-2021).

Thyroid hormones are known for controlling metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and electrolytes and for regulating body temperature. Normal thyroid status depends on the chemical/elemental composition of body fluids and tissues, which changes depending on physiological state, lifestyle and environment. A deficiency or excess of certain essential chemical elements (selenium, zinc, copper, iron or fluorine) or exposure to toxic (cadmium or lead) or potentially toxic elements (manganese or chromium) interacts with thyroid hormone synthesis and may disturb thyroid homeostasis.

Alterations of urinary perchlorate levels in euthyroid postpubertal children with autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Perchlorates ClO() are known environmental and food contaminants that act as inhibitors of iodine uptake by the thyroid gland; however, information concerning their possible association with the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is still missing. The current study is first presenting the alterations in perchlorate urine levels in euthyroid children with ASD.

Objectives: To examine urinary perchlorates and iodides in euthyroid children diagnosed with ASD, compared to age-, and BMI-matched neurotypical controls, and to verify the association between these two ions in ASD.

Lead Levels in Non-Occupationally Exposed Women with Preeclampsia.

There are many controversies regarding the relationship between lead exposure andcomplications in pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE) is a maternal hypertensive disorder which is one of the main causes of maternal and foetal mortality. The aim of our study was to assess blood lead level (BLL) in Polish women with PE (PE group, = 66) compared with healthy, non-pregnant women (CNP group, = 40) and healthy pregnant women (CP group, = 40).

Serum Concentration of Fluoride in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis from the Lublin Region in Eastern Poland.

In view of previous reports, it is important to determine the relationship between liver function and the level of fluoride in the serum. The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of fluoride in 72 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, living in the region of Lublin (Eastern Poland) divided based on the severity of disease according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh criteria. Higher plasma fluoride concentrations were associated with changes in liver related parameters.

Perchlorate - properties, toxicity and human health effects: an updated review.

Interest in perchlorate as environmental pollutant has increased since 1997, when high concentrations have been found in the waters of the Colorado River, USA. Perchlorate is very persistent in nature and it is slowly degraded. Although harmful effects of large doses of perchlorate on thyroid function have been proven, the environmental effects are still unclear.

Assessment of Changes over Time of Lipid Profile, C-Reactive Protein Level and Body Mass Index in Teenagers and Young Adults on Different Diets Belonging to Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Numerous scientific studies on patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest a significant role of inflammation processes or lipid disorders in this spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Unfortunately, there is a lack of assessments of changes over time regarding level of lipids and inflammatory markers in people diagnosed with ASD using different diets. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and body mass index (BMI) in individuals diagnosed with ASD and healthy controls.

The Role of GPR120 Receptor in Essential Fatty Acids Metabolism in Schizophrenia.

A growing body of evidence confirms abnormal fatty acid (FAs) metabolism in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are endogenous ligands of the G protein-coupled receptors, which have anti-inflammatory properties and are a therapeutic target in many diseases. No clinical studies are concerned with the role of the GPR120 signaling pathway in schizophrenia.

Chemical elements and preeclampsia - An overview of current problems, challenges and significance of recent research.

Objectives: Data on the elemental status, redistribution of the elements, role of occupational exposure and dietary assessment in preeclampsia (PE) are scarce. There are many disparities in the findings of essential and non-essential elements' role in PE. In this article we overview the changes in the content of selected elements in pregnancy complicated with the disorder of complex and not fully understood etiology.

Angiogenic Imbalance as a Contributor of Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is one of the most serious pregnancy - specific medical conditions affecting 3- 6% of all gestations. It remains a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The aetiology of preeclampsia is not fully elucidated yet, although a huge progress has been made in its understanding within the last decade.

Relationships between serum selenium and zinc concentrations versus profibrotic and proangiogenic cytokines (FGF-19 and endoglin) in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Introduction And Objective: Liver cirrhosis is a disease involving the liver parenchyma, which is characterised by fibrosis and impaired architectonics of the parenchyma with regenerative nodules. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between stage of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, concentrations of selenium, zinc and profibrotic and proangiogenic cytokines (FGF-19, ENG).

Material And Methods: The study included 99 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 20 healthy subjects.

Association between Serum Selenium Concentrations and Levels of Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Cytokines-Interleukin-6 and Growth Differentiation Factor-15, in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis.

According to some authors, serum selenium levels are strongly associated with the severity of liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the concentration of selenium and pro-inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The parameters studied were determined in the serum of 99 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis divided based on the severity of disease according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh criteria.

Alterations of Hair and Nail Content of Selected Trace Elements in Nonoccupationally Exposed Patients with Chronic Depression from Different Geographical Regions.

The aim of this study was to determine if altered levels of selected trace elements manifest themselves during chronic depression. To identify elements strongly associated with chronic depression, relationships between the elemental contents of hair and nails and the interelement correlations were checked. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography were used to evaluate the contents of Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Mn, and Fe in hair and nail samples from a total of 415 subjects (295 patients and 120 healthy volunteers).