Extracellular vesicles and insulin-mediated vascular function in metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) raises cardiovascular disease risk. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of insulin sensitivity, although few studies on vascular function exist in humans. We determined the effect of insulin on EVs in relation to vascular function.

Aortic waveform responses to insulin in late versus early chronotype with metabolic syndrome.

Late chronotype (LC) correlates with reduced metabolic insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease. It is unclear if insulin action on aortic waveforms and inflammation is altered in LC versus early chronotype (EC). Adults with metabolic syndrome (n = 39, MetS) were classified as either EC (Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire [MEQ] = 63.

Insulin infusion decreases medium-sized extracellular vesicles in adults with metabolic syndrome.

Elevated extracellular vesicles (EVs) are associated with glucose dysmetabolism. However, the effects of insulin on EVs and subsequent relationships with insulin sensitivity, substrate oxidation, and inflammation are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that insulin would lower EVs and relate to insulin action.

Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Flexibility Parallel Plasma TCA Levels in Early Chronotype With Metabolic Syndrome.

Context: People characterized as late chronotype have elevated type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk compared to early chronotype. It is unclear how chronotype is associated with insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, or plasma TCA cycle intermediates concentration, amino acids (AA), and/or beta-oxidation.

Objective: This study examined these metabolic associations with chronotype.

Role of Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise and Vascular Insulin Sensitivity with Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping in Metabolic Syndrome.

Introduction: Nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) dipping is independently related to cardiovascular disease risk, but it is unclear if vascular insulin sensitivity associates with SBP dipping in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: Eighteen adults with MetS (ATP III criteria 3.3 ± 0.

Acute exercise decreases insulin-stimulated extracellular vesicles in conjunction with augmentation index in adults with obesity.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are often elevated in obesity and may modulate disease risk. Although acute exercise reduces fasting EVs in adults with obesity, no data exist on insulin-mediated EV responses. This study evaluated the effects of exercise on EV responses to insulin in relation to vascular function.

A single bout of exercise improves vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity.

Objective: This crossover study explored the impact of a single bout of exercise on insulin-stimulated responses in conduit arteries and capillaries.

Methods: Twelve sedentary adults (49.5 [7.