School health-care team members' reflections of their promotion of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR): Important but neglected.

Objective: Young people are prioritized regarding the promotion and safeguarding of sexual and reproductive health and rights - SRHR. In Sweden, the school is seen as an important arena with members of the school health-care or SHC team as vital actors in this work. This study explored SRHR-related work in SHC teams in Sweden.

Limitations and opportunities of smallholders' practical knowledge when dealing with pig health issues in northern Uganda.

Pig production has a short history in Uganda. The majority of pigs are kept by smallholder farmers in rural areas where access to veterinary services is limited, and pig keeping has been suggested as a potential pathway out of poverty for smallholders. Previous research has identified the disease of African swine fever (ASF) as a major threat, causing high mortalities in pigs.

Significant and rapid reduction of free endotoxin using a dialkylcarbamoyl chloride-coated wound dressing.

Objective: Endotoxin causes inflammation and can impair wound healing. Conventional methods that reduce bioburden in wounds by killing microorganisms using antibiotics, topical antimicrobials or antimicrobial dressings may induce endotoxin release from Gram-negative bacteria. Another approach is to reduce bioburden by adsorbing microorganisms, without killing them, using dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC)-coated wound dressings.

Diverging Discourses: Animal Health Challenges and Veterinary Care in Northern Uganda.

People in northern Uganda are currently rebuilding their lives after a lengthy period of conflict. To facilitate this, the Ugandan government and donors have promoted investment in pigs as an important strategy for generating income quickly and ensuring livelihood security. In this context, animal health issues are an acknowledged challenge, creating uncertainty for animal owners who risk losing both their animals and income.

Effect of a DACC-coated dressing on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in wound healing using an in vitro scratch model.

Wound dressings that exert an antimicrobial effect in order to prevent and treat wound infections can be harmful to the wound healing process. Dressings with hydrophobic coatings, however, have been suggested to both reduce the microbial load and promote the healing process. Therefore, the potential effects of a dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC)-coated dressing on fibroblasts and keratinocytes in wound healing were studied using mechanical scratch wounding of confluent cell layers as an in vitro model.

Being questioned as parents: An interview study with Swedish commissioning parents using transnational surrogacy.

This study sought to explore how Swedish parents who had commissioned surrogacy abroad experienced the process of parenthood recognition. The study consisted of in-depth interviews with five couples and 10 individuals representing 10 additional couples who had used surrogacy abroad, mainly in India. The construction of motherhood and fatherhood in the Swedish system contradicts how parenthood is defined in the surrogacy process.

Surrogate mother - praiseworthy or stigmatized: a qualitative study on perceptions of surrogacy in Assam, India.

Background: Surrogacy is a reproductive practice that has been strongly marketed in India as a solution for childless couples. As a result, the number of surrogacy clinics is increasing. Meanwhile, a global discourse on surrogacy, originating from a Western perspective, has characterized surrogacy as being exploitative of women in low-income settings, where poverty drives them to become surrogate mothers.

Precipitation of Calcium Phosphates in the Presence of Collagen Type I on Four Different Bioactive Titanium Surfaces: an in Vitro Study.

Objectives: To compare the properties of calcium phosphate precipitation on four different bioactive surface preparations and one control surface in the simulated body fluid model with added collagen type I.

Material And Methods: Blasted titanium discs were treated with four different surface modifications, alkali and heat, sodium fluoride, anodic oxidation and hydroxyapatite coating. The discs were divided into five groups where one group, the blasted, served as control.

Views of Swedish commissioning parents relating to the exploitation discourse in using transnational surrogacy.

Transnational surrogacy, when people travel abroad for reproduction with the help of a surrogate mother, is a heavily debated phenomenon. One of the most salient discourses on surrogacy is the one affirming that Westerners, in their quest for having a child, exploit poor women in countries such as India. As surrogacy within the Swedish health care system is not permitted, Swedish commissioning parents have used transnational surrogacy, and the majority has turned to India.

Analysis of carious dentine using FTIR and ToF-SIMS.

Apart from the Maillard reaction, other processes, such as esterification, take place in carious tissue. The aim of the present study was to analyse sound and carious dentine in terms of ester groups and their reaction with hydrazine derivate using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Carious and sound dentine from human premolars were excavated in three series (Experimental Parts I-III) and separated into inner and outer layers of carious dentine.

Comparing and visualizing titanium implant integration in rat bone using 2D and 3D techniques.

The aim was to compare the osseointegration of grit-blasted implants with and without a hydrogen fluoride treatment in rat tibia and femur, and to visualize bone formation using state-of-the-art 3D visualization techniques. Grit-blasted implants were inserted in femur and tibia of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats (4 implants/rat). Four weeks after insertion, bone implant samples were retrieved.

Electronic Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles Films and the Effect on Apatite-Forming Ability.

Nanoparticle-covered electrodes have altered properties as compared to conventional electrodes with same chemical composition. The changes originate from the large surface area and enhanced conduction. To test the mineralization capacity of such materials, TiO2 nanoparticles were deposited on titanium and gold substrates.

Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis on peritoneal dialysis catheters and the effects of extracellular products from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis is a cause of infections related to peritoneal dialysis (PD). We have used a PD catheter flow-cell model in combination with confocal scanning laser microscopy and atomic force microscopy to study biofilm formation by S. epidermidis.

Early interactions between leukocytes and three different potentially bioactive titanium surface modifications.

The aim of the present study was to compare the early interactions between leukocytes and three different surface modifications, suggested as bioactive. Blasted titanium discs were modified by alkali and heat treatment, sodium fluoride treatment, or hydroxyapatite coating. A number of these discs were also immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for a week, a treatment which yielded high levels of calcium and phosphate on each surface type.

Nucleation and growth of calcium phosphates in the presence of fibrinogen on titanium implants with four potentially bioactive surface preparations. An in vitro study.

The aim of this study was to compare the nucleating and crystal growth behaviour of calcium phosphates on four types of potentially bioactive surfaces, using the simulated body fluid (SBF) model with added fibrinogen. Blasted titanium discs were modified by alkali and heat treatment, anodic oxidation, fluoride treatment, or hydroxyapatite coating. The discs were immersed in SBF with fibrinogen for periods of 3 days and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks.

Bone reaction to nano hydroxyapatite modified titanium implants placed in a gap-healing model.

Nanohydroxyapatite materials show similar chemistry to the bone apatite and depending on the underlying topography and the method of preparation, the nanohydroxyapatite may simulate the specific arrangement of the crystals in bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and other CaP materials have been indicated in cases in which the optimal surgical fit is not achievable during surgery, and the HA surface properties may enhance bone filling of the defect area. In this study, very smooth electropolished titanium implants were used as substrata for nano-HA surface modification and as control.

Nano hydroxyapatite structures influence early bone formation.

In a study model that aims to evaluate the effect of nanotopography on bone formation, micrometer structures known to alter bone formation, should be removed. Electropolished titanium implants were prepared to obtain a surface topography in the absence of micro structures, thereafter the implants were divided in two groups. The test group was modified with nanosize hydroxyapatite particles; the other group was left uncoated and served as control for the experiment.

Formation of calcium phosphates on titanium implants with four different bioactive surface preparations. An in vitro study.

The aim of the present study was to compare the nucleating and growing behaviour on four types of bioactive surfaces by using the simulated body fluid (SBF) model. Titanium discs were blasted and then prepared by alkali and heat treatment, anodic oxidation, fluoridation, or hydroxyapatite coating. The discs were immersed in SBF for 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks.

Bone response inside free-form fabricated macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffolds with and without an open microporosity.

Background: The technique of free-form fabrication enables the production of controlled macroporous geometry inside ceramic scaffolds. Using scaffolds with identical macropore design makes it possible to study a relevant biological response linked to other specific changes of the material.

Purpose: This study investigates the role of open micropores in hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold during early bone healing to quantitatively ascertain whether microporosity in otherwise identical macroporous HA scaffolds can influence the bone response in rabbit tibia and femur at 6 weeks.

Increased bone formation to unstable nano rough titanium implants.

Early bone response to cylindrical smooth titanium implants (S(a)=0.1 microm) inserted into the rabbit tibia was compared in a stable and nonstable regime. Surface roughness parameters were calculated from measurements obtained with optical interferometry and atomic force microscopy.

The role of functional parameters for topographical characterization of bone-anchored implants.

Background: The surface topographical characterization of bone-anchored implants has been recommended to be based on amplitude, spatial, and hybrid parameters. There are also functional parameters that have the potential to describe characteristics important for a specific application.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate if parameters that have been described as functional in engineering applications are also relevant in the topographical characterization of bone-anchored implants.

Influence of chemo-mechanical caries removal on the surface topography of dental composite resin and glass-ionomer materials: an in vitro study.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a chemo-mechanical caries removal system, Carisolv gel, on the surface topography of dental filling materials. Thirty specimens of a composite resin (Spectrum) and a compomer (Dyract AP) and 60 specimens of a glass-ionomer (Ketac-Fil Plus) were prepared. The surface topography was investigated with an optical interferometer before and after chemical exposure for 5, 10, or 20 min.

Chemical and topographical analyses of dentine surfaces after Carisolv treatment.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterise the surface chemistry of cavities after chemomechanical caries excavation, and also to measure the surface topography after caries removal with Carisolv or burs, followed by acid etching.

Methods: Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the relative amounts of organic material and minerals of sound enamel, dentine, and cavities, after caries excavation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were used for detection of Carisolv substances (i.

The influence of a chemo-mechanical caries removal solution on the topography of dental ceramic materials.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical influence of chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) on surface topography of dental ceramic materials. Thirty samples of three different types of ceramics (Vita Omega, Vita Alpha, and Procera AllTitan) were manufactured and used. With an optical profilometer, designed with a confocal setting of its optics, (CLSP).