Three-dimensional microscope skill acquisition: A randomised controlled study comparing two-dimensional laboratory microscope training, video gaming and virtual reality gaming.

Introduction: Fine microsurgical motor skill acquisition can be challenging. With increasing technological innovation, the methods of microsurgical skills acquisition may change. Studies show that laboratory-based microsurgical training programmes on a 2D microscope significantly improves the microsurgical skill acquisition of novices.

Primary Cleft Lip and Palate Repair in Assam, India: Does Preoperative Anthropometric Analysis Help Identify Patients With Increased Surgical Risk in a Clinically Prescreened Population?

Objective: To compare anthropometric z-scores with incidence of post-operative complications for patients undergoing primary cleft lip or palate repair.

Design: This was a retrospective observational analysis of patients from a surgical center in Assam, India, and includes a cohort from a single surgical mission completed before the opening of the center.

Setting: Patients included in the study underwent surgery during an Operation Smile mission before the opening of Operation Smile's Guwahati Comprehensive Cleft Care Center in Guwahati, India.

Erratum: Scar Revision Surgery: The Patient's Perspective.

[This corrects the article on p. 729 in vol. 42, PMID: 26618120.

Scar Revision Surgery: The Patient's Perspective.

Background: Insufficient satisfaction outcome literature exists to assist consultations for scar revision surgery; such outcomes should reflect the patient's perspective. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate scar revision patient satisfaction outcomes, according to specified patient-selection criteria.

Methods: Patients (250) were randomly selected for telephone contacting regarding scar revisions undertaken between 2007-2011.

Best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 1: intranasal lorazepam is an acceptable alternative to intravenous lorazepam in the control of acute seizures in children.

A short-cut review was carried out to determine whether intranasal lorazepam was as effective as intravenous lorazepam in the control of seizures in children. Eighteen papers were found using the reported search, of which one was directly relevant and another compared intranasal lorazepam with intramuscular paraldehyde. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses are shown in table 1.

Estrogen alters the splicing of type 1 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor in breast cancer cells.

Hormonal stress response is associated with the pathogenesis of disease, including cancer. The role of the stress hormone CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone) in breast cancer is complex, and its abundance and biological activity may be modulated by estrogen. In the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) malignant mammary epithelial cell line MCF7, CRH activated numerous kinases and downstream effectors, at least some of which were mediated by the CRH receptor type 1 (CRH-R1).

The role of autologous fat grafting in secondary microsurgical breast reconstruction.

Background: Autologous breast reconstruction offers higher rates of patient satisfaction, but not all patients are ideal candidates, often due to inadequate volume of donor sites. Although autologous fat grafting is frequently used to augment volume and contour abnormalities in implant-based breast reconstruction, its clear utility in microsurgical breast reconstruction has yet to be defined. Here, we examined patients undergoing autologous microsurgical breast reconstruction with and without the adjunct of autologous fat grafting to clearly define utility and indications for use.

Lentiviral vectors express chondroitinase ABC in cortical projections and promote sprouting of injured corticospinal axons.

Several diseases and injuries of the central nervous system could potentially be treated by delivery of an enzyme, which might most effectively be achieved by gene therapy. In particular, the bacterial enzyme chondroitinase ABC is beneficial in animal models of spinal cord injury. We have adapted the chondroitinase gene so that it can direct secretion of active chondroitinase from mammalian cells, and inserted it into lentiviral vectors.