Neighborhood Environments and Utilitarian Walking Among Older vs. Younger Rural Adults.

Walking has the potential to promote health across the life span, but age-specific features of the neighborhood environment (NE), especially in rural communities, linked with walking have not been adequately characterized. This study examines the relationships between NE and utilitarian walking among older vs. younger adults living in US rural towns.

Content Analysis of a Participant-Directed Intervention to Optimize Activity Engagement of Older Adult Cancer Survivors.

Many older adult cancer survivors reduce their activity level during and after cancer treatment. Occupational therapy interventions need to flexibly address various obstacles to occupational engagement that survivors may face. The aim of this analysis was to describe the content of a participant-directed occupational therapy intervention for older adults with cancer.

A method to create a standardized generic and condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure for patient care and healthcare improvement.

Purpose: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), which are generic or condition-specific, are used for a number of reasons, including clinical care, clinical trials, and in national-level efforts to monitor the quality of health care delivery. Creating PROMs that meet different purposes without overburdening patients, healthcare systems, providers, and data systems is paramount. The objective of this study was to test a generalizable method to incorporate condition-specific issues into generic PROM measures as a first step to producing PROMs that efficiently provide a standardized score.

Engaging Parents to Promote Children's Nutrition and Health.

Purpose: Using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics benchmarks as a framework, this study examined childcare providers' (Head Start [HS], Child and Adult Care Food Program [CACFP] funded, and non-CACFP) perspectives regarding communicating with parents about nutrition to promote children's health.

Design: Qualitative.

Setting: State-licensed center-based childcare programs.

Geographic variation in the relationship between body mass index and the built environment.

Studies examining associations between weight status and neighborhood built environment (BE) have shown inconsistent results and have generally focused on urban settings. However, many Americans do not live in metropolitan areas and BE impacts may be different outside of metropolitan areas. We sought to examine whether the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and neighborhood BE exists and varies by geographic region across small towns in the United States.

Mobile Phone Apps for Smoking Cessation: Quality and Usability Among Smokers With Psychosis.

Background: Smoking is one of the top preventable causes of mortality in people with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Cessation treatment improves abstinence outcomes, but access is a barrier. Mobile phone apps are one way to increase access to cessation treatment; however, whether they are usable by people with psychotic disorders, who often have special learning needs, is not known.

A Tobacco Cessation Intervention with Rural, Medically Underserved, Blue-collar Employees: A Quasiexperimental Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to increase knowledge regarding the dangers associated with tobacco use, and decrease secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco use behaviors with an antitobacco messaging campaign among rural, medically underserved, blue-collar workers.

Methods: A quasiexperimental study was conducted with employees at two worksites. One worksite received the intervention, which consisted of nine different antitobacco messages.

Weight Loss Interventions in Older Adults with Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Since 2005.

Objectives: To identify geriatric obesity interventions that can guide clinical recommendations.

Design: Systematic review using Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE (Ovid), and PsycINFO (Proquest) from January 1, 2005, to October 12, 2015, to identify English-language randomized controlled trials.

Participants: Individuals aged 60 and older (mean age ≥65) and classified as having obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m ).

Utilitarian and Recreational Walking Among Spanish- and English-Speaking Latino Adults in Micropolitan US Towns.

Background: Walking among Latinos in US Micropolitan towns may vary by language spoken.

Methods: In 2011-2012, we collected telephone survey and built environment (BE) data from adults in six towns located within micropolitan counties from two states with sizable Latino populations. We performed mixed-effects logistic regression modeling to examine relationships between ethnicity-language group [Spanish-speaking Latinos (SSLs); English-speaking Latinos (ESLs); and English-speaking non-Latinos (ENLs)] and utilitarian walking and recreational walking, accounting for socio-demographic, lifestyle and BE characteristics.

Translation of an Action Learning Collaborative Model Into a Community-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Eating.

Unlabelled: Action Learning Collaboratives (ALCs), whereby teams apply quality improvement (QI) tools and methods, have successfully improved patient care delivery and outcomes. We adapted and tested the ALC model as a community-based obesity prevention intervention focused on physical activity and healthy eating.

Method: The intervention used QI tools (e.

Practical guidance and ethical considerations for studies using photo-elicitation interviews.

Photo-elicitation is a qualitative interviewing technique that has gained popularity in recent years. It is the foundation for photovoice projects and is a tool well-suited for community-based participatory research. Photo-elicitation yields rich data, and interview participants say these interviews encourage community awareness and engagement.

The built environment and utilitarian walking in small U.S. towns.

Objectives: The role of the built environment on walking in rural United States (U.S.) locations is not well characterized.

TXT me I'm only sleeping: adolescents with mobile phones in their bedroom.

The purpose of this study was to determine if mobile phones interfere with adolescent sleep. We conducted a pilot test in a pediatric primary care practice of 454 patients, half female (51.2%), 12 to 20 years old (mean = 15) attending a well-child visit.

The relative roles of types of extracurricular activity on smoking and drinking initiation among tweens.

Objective: Youth involvement in extracurricular activities may help prevent smoking and drinking initiation. However, the relative roles of types of extracurricular activity on these risks are unclear. Therefore, we examined the association between substance use and participation in team sports with a coach, other sports without a coach, music, school clubs, and other clubs in a nationally representative sample of U.

Association of a television in the bedroom with increased adiposity gain in a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents.

Importance: Obesity affects health in children and adolescents. Television viewing is an established risk factor for obesity in youth. No prospective study has assessed whether a bedroom television confers an additional risk for obesity in youth.

Receptivity to television fast-food restaurant marketing and obesity among U.S. youth.

Background: Advertisement of fast food on TV may contribute to youth obesity.

Purpose: The goal of the study was to use cued recall to determine whether TV fast-food advertising is associated with youth obesity.

Methods: A national sample of 2541 U.

How television fast food marketing aimed at children compares with adult advertisements.

Objectives: Quick service restaurant (QSR) television advertisements for children's meals were compared with adult advertisements from the same companies to assess whether self-regulatory pledges for food advertisements to children had been implemented.

Methods: All nationally televised advertisements for the top 25 US QSR restaurants from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010 were obtained and viewed to identify those advertising meals for children and these advertisements were compared with adult advertisements from the same companies. Content coding included visual and audio assessment of branding, toy premiums, movie tie-ins, and depictions of food.

Retail tobacco exposure: using geographic analysis to identify areas with excessively high retail density.

Introduction: There is great disparity in tobacco outlet density (TOD), with density highest in low-income areas and areas with greater proportions of minority residents, and this disparity may affect cancer incidence. We sought to better understand the nature of this disparity by assessing how these socio-demographic factors relate to TOD at the national level.

Methods: Using mixture regression analysis and all of the nearly 65,000 census tracts in the contiguous United States, we aimed to determine the number of latent disparity classes by modeling the relations of proportions of Blacks, Hispanics, and families living in poverty with TOD, controlling for urban/rural status.

A comparison of individual versus community influences on youth smoking behaviours: a cross-sectional observational study.

Objectives: To compare individual with community risk factors for adolescent smoking.

Design: A cross-sectional observational study with multivariate analysis.

Setting: National telephone survey.

Parental efficacy and child behavior in a community sample of children with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Most studies of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) youth have obtained data from the perspective of either children or parents, but not both simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to examine child and parent perspectives on parenting in a large community-based sample of children with and without ADHD. We identified children in grades 4-6 and their parents through surveys administered to a random sample of public schools.

Predictors of tobacco outlet density nationwide: a geographic analysis.

Objective: To elucidate how demographics of US Census tracts are related to tobacco outlet density (TOD).

Method: The authors conducted a nationwide assessment of the association between socio-demographic US Census indicators and the density of tobacco outlets across all 64,909 census tracts in the continental USA. Retail tobacco outlet addresses were determined through North American Industry Classification System codes, and density per 1000 population was estimated for each census tract.

Association of established smoking among adolescents with timing of exposure to smoking depicted in movies.

Background: It is not known whether exposure to smoking depicted in movies carries greater influence during early or late adolescence. We aimed to quantify the independent relative contribution to established smoking of exposure to smoking depicted in movies during both early and late adolescence.

Methods: We prospectively assessed 2049 nonsmoking students recruited from 14 randomly selected public schools in New Hampshire and Vermont.

Giving the wrong impression: food and beverage brand impressions delivered to youth through popular movies.

Background: Marketing on television showcases less-healthful options, with emerging research suggesting movies promote similar products. Given the obesity epidemic, understanding advertising to youth should be a public health imperative. The objective of this study was to estimate youth impressions to food and beverages delivered through movies.