Alimentary Treatment with Trehalose in a Pharmacological Model of Alzheimer's Disease in Mice: Effects of Different Dosages and Treatment Regimens.

In the treatment of experimental neurodegeneration with disaccharide trehalose, various regimens are used, predominantly a 2% solution, drunk for several weeks. We studied the effects of different regimens of dietary trehalose treatment in an amyloid-β (Aβ) 25-35-induced murine model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ-treated mice received 2% trehalose solution daily, 4% trehalose solution daily (continuous mode) or every other day (intermittent mode), to drink for two weeks.

Antitumor Effects of an Anthocyanin-Rich Grain Diet in a Mouse Model of Lewis Lung Carcinoma.

Functional foods enriched with plant polyphenol anthocyanins attract particular attention due to their health-promoting properties, including antitumor activity. We evaluated the effects of a grain diet rich in anthocyanins in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma. Mice of the C57BL/6 strain were fed with wheat of near-isogenic lines differing in the anthocyanin content for four months prior to tumor transplantation.

Concordance between the In Vivo Content of Neurospecific Proteins (BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, S100B) in the Hippocampus and Blood in Patients with Epilepsy.

The identification of reliable brain-specific biomarkers in periphery contributes to better understanding of normal neurophysiology and neuropsychiatric diseases. The neurospecific proteins BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy. This study aimed to assess the correspondence of the expression of BDNF, NSE, VILIP-1, and S100B in the blood (serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) to the in vivo hippocampal levels of subjects with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent neurosurgery (N = 44) using multiplex solid-phase analysis, ELISA, and immunohistochemical methods, as well as to analyze the correlations and associations of the blood and hippocampal levels of these proteins with clinical parameters.

Comparative analysis of early neurodegeneration signs in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology induced by two types of the central (Intracerebroventricular vs. Intrahippocampal) administration of Aβ oligomers.

Animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrahippocampal (IH) administration of amyloid-beta (Aβ) are widely used in current research. It remains unclear whether these models provide similar outcomes or mimic pathological mechanisms of AD equally. The aim of the work was to compare two models induced by ICV or IH administration of Aβ oligomers to C57BL/6 mice.

Brain but not serum BDNF levels are associated with structural alterations in the hippocampal regions in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal epilepsy, imposing a significant burden on the health care system worldwide. Approximately one-third of patients with this disease who do not adequately respond to pharmacotherapy are considered drug-resistant subjects. Despite having some clues of how such epileptic activity and resistance to therapy emerge, coming mainly from preclinical models, we still witness a scarcity of human data.

Gut Microbiome in Post-COVID-19 Patients Is Linked to Immune and Cardiovascular Health Status but Not COVID-19 Severity.

The composition of the gut microbiome stores the imprints of prior infections and other impacts. COVID-19 can cause changes in inflammatory status that persist for a considerable time after infection ends. As the gut microbiome is closely associated with immunity and inflammation, the infection severity might be linked to its community structure dynamics.

Mortality and survival in nonagenarians during the COVID-19 pandemic: Unstable equilibrium of aging.

Introduction: Aging puts the human body under an immense stress and makes it extremely susceptible to many diseases, often leading to poor outcomes and even death. Long-living individuals represent a unique group of people who withstood the stress of time and offer an abundance of information on the body's ability to endure the pressure of aging. In this study, we sought to identify predictors of overall one-year mortality in 1641 long-living individuals.

A Novel Laser-Based Zebrafish Model for Studying Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Molecular Targets.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. Here, we developed a novel model of non-invasive TBI induced by laser irradiation in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) and assessed their behavior and neuromorphology to validate the model and evaluate potential targets for neuroreparative treatment. Overall, TBI induced hypolocomotion and anxiety-like behavior in the novel tank test, strikingly recapitulating responses in mammalian TBI models, hence supporting the face validity of our model.

Tocilizumab, netakimab, and baricitinib in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19: An observational study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in adult patients admitted to hospital with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and treated with a combination of standard-of-care (SOC) and targeted immunosuppressive therapy including anti-IL-17A (netakimab), anti-IL-6R (tocilizumab), or JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor (baricitinib) or with a standard-of-care therapy alone.

Methods: The observational cohort study included 154 adults hospitalized between February and August, 2020 with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 with National Early Warning Score2 (NEWS2) < 7 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ≤ 140 mg/L on the day of the start of the therapy or observation. Patients were divided into the following groups: I) 4 mg baricitinib, 1 or 2 times a day for an average of 5 days (n = 38); II) 120 mg netakimab, one dose (n = 48); III) 400 mg tocilizumab, one dose (n = 34), IV) SOC only: hydroxychloroquine, antiviral, antibacterial, anticoagulant, and dexamethasone (n = 34).

Disaccharide trehalose in experimental therapies for neurodegenerative disorders: Molecular targets and translational potential.

Induction of autophagy is a prospective approach to the treatment of neurodegeneration. In the recent decade, trehalose attracted special attention. It is an autophagy inducer with negligible adverse effects and is approved for use in humans according to FDA requirements.

Analyzing Successful Aging and Longevity: Risk Factors and Health Promoters in 2020 Older Adults.

Geriatric syndromes (GSs) and aging-associated diseases (AADs) are common side effects of aging. They are affecting the lives of millions of older adults and placing immense pressure on healthcare systems and economies worldwide. It is imperative to study the factors causing these conditions and develop a holistic framework for their management.

Combined induction of mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways of autophagy activation as an experimental therapy for Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in a mouse model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation that might be hindered by autophagy. There are two ways to induce autophagy: through mTOR-dependent and mTOR-independent pathways (here, by means of rapamycin and trehalose, respectively). The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of these pathways and their combination to the treatment of experimental AD.

Treatment with Autophagy Inducer Trehalose Alleviates Memory and Behavioral Impairments and Neuroinflammatory Brain Processes in db/db Mice.

Autophagy attenuation has been found in neurodegenerative diseases, aging, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. In experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases, the correction of autophagy in the brain reverses neuronal and behavioral deficits and hence seems to be a promising therapy for neuropathologies. Our aim was to study the effect of an autophagy inducer, trehalose, on brain autophagy and behavior in a genetic model of diabetes with signs of neuronal damage (db/db mice).

Neuroprotective Effects of Ceftriaxone Involve the Reduction of Aβ Burden and Neuroinflammatory Response in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Ceftriaxone (CEF) is a safe and multipotent antimicrobial agent that possesses neuroprotective properties. Earlier, we revealed the restoration of cognitive function in OXYS rats with signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology by CEF along with its modulating the expression of genes related to the system of amyloid beta (Aβ) metabolism in the brain. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of CEF on behavior, Aβ deposition, and associated neuroinflammation using another model of an early AD-like pathology induced by Aβ.

Evaluating the Effects of Grain of Isogenic Wheat Lines Differing in the Content of Anthocyanins in Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Functional foods enriched with plant polyphenols and anthocyanins in particular attract special attention due to multiple beneficial bioactive properties of the latter. We evaluated the effects of a grain diet rich in anthocyanins in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) with overexpression of human alpha-synuclein. The mice were kept at a diet that consisted of the wheat grain of near isogenic lines differing in anthocyanin content for five-six months.

Effects of Grape Polyphenols on the Life Span and Neuroinflammatory Alterations Related to Neurodegenerative Parkinson Disease-Like Disturbances in Mice.

Functional nutrition is a valuable supplementation to dietary therapy. Functional foods are enriched with biologically active substances. Plant polyphenols attract particular attention due to multiple beneficial properties attributed to their high antioxidant and other biological activities.

Sham surgical embryo transfer affects offspring neurodevelopment and manifestation of hypertensive phenotype in ISIAH rats.

The study investigates how surgery during pregnancy, i.e., sham operation associated with embryo transfer, affects hypertensive phenotype in ISIAH rats genetically predisposed to hypertension.

Therapeutic activation of autophagy by combined treatment with rapamycin and trehalose in a mouse MPTP-induced model of Parkinson's disease.

The neuroprotective effect of autophagy activation by rapamycin and trehalose was studied in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Both rapamycin (10 mg/kg/day, 7 days) and trehalose (2% in drinking water, 7 days) increased the expression of LC3-II (a marker of autophagy activation) in the frontal cortex and striatum of normal C57Bl/6J mice, with signs of an additive effect. Autophagy stimulation in the striatum was confirmed by a lysosomal osmotic test.

Suppression of autophagy in the brain of transgenic mice with overexpression of А53Т-mutant α-synuclein as an early event at synucleinopathy progression.

Transgenic overexpression of α-synuclein is a common model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulation of А53Т-mutant α-synuclein induces three autophagy cell responses: the inhibition of autophagy caused by the accumulation of α-synuclein, compensatory activation of macroautophagy in response to inhibition of the chaperone-mediated autophagy, and toxic effects of mutant α-synuclein accompanied by the activation of autophagy. The overall effect of long-term overexpression of mutant α-synuclein in vivo remains unclear.

Neuroprotective effects of ceftriaxone treatment on cognitive and neuronal deficits in a rat model of accelerated senescence.

Rats of OXYS strain are characterized by genetically defined accelerated senescence. Ceftriaxone (CEF) exerts neuroprotective effects by decreasing the excitotoxicity and activation of antioxidant system. Here, we studied the effects of CEF (50 or 100mg/kg/day, i.