Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of atypical enterovirus D68 strain VR-1197.

A method that has rapidly evolved for detection of viral pathogens are loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays. The available LAMP assays usually target the most common viral strains, including enteroviruses, but for the atypical enterovirus D68 strain VR-1197 this method has not yet been developed. Enterovirus D68 are known for severe respiratory distress in children, and atypical strains are less likely to be detected by traditional methods.

cultivation of adherent cells on microscope slides for downstream applications.

In vitro studies with cultured cells are often conducted as an important part of basic research. Adherent cells are typically cultivated in flasks or trays, for which cell staining and subsequent visualization become impractical. We here present a simple step-by-step method for growing adherent cells directly on glass microscope slides, using low-cost equipment readily available in most laboratories.

Development of RT-qPCR for quantification of human enterovirus D68 .

The common cold is the most frequent viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract with different intensities based on the serotype and the characteristics of the virus. Numerous human rhinoviruses have been identified and classified. Human rhinovirus 87 (HRV87), also known as enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), is one of the common viruses causing respiratory infections.

Losing the 'arms race': multiresistant salmon lice are dispersed throughout the North Atlantic Ocean.

Nothing lasts forever, including the effect of chemicals aimed to control pests in food production. As old pesticides have been compromised by emerging resistance, new ones have been introduced and turned the odds back in our favour. With time, however, some pests have developed multi-pesticide resistance, challenging our ability to control them.

A salty start: Brackish water start-up as a microbial management strategy for nitrifying bioreactors with variable salinity.

Nitrifying biofilms developed in brackish water are reported to be more robust to salinity changes than freshwater biofilms. This makes them a promising strategy for water treatment systems with variable salinity, such as recirculating aquaculture systems for Atlantic salmon. However, little is known about the time required for nitrification start-up in brackish water or the microbial community dynamics.

Biofilms remember: Osmotic stress priming as a microbial management strategy for improving salinity acclimation in nitrifying biofilms.

With increasing freshwater scarcity and greater use of seawater, fluctuating salinities are becoming common in water treatment systems. This can be challenging for salinity-sensitive processes like nitrification, especially in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), where maintaining nitrification efficiency is crucial for fish health. This study was undertaken to determine if prior exposure to seawater (priming) could improve nitrification in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) under salinity increase from freshwater to seawater.

The Phe362Tyr mutation conveying resistance to organophosphates occurs in high frequencies in salmon lice collected from wild salmon and trout.

The parasitic salmon louse, and its resistance to chemical delousing agents, represents one of the largest challenges to the salmon aquaculture industry. We genotyped lice sampled from wild salmon and sea trout throughout Norway with the recently identified Phe362Tyr mutation that conveys resistance to organophosphates. These results were compared to data from lice sampled on farmed salmon in the same regions.

Establishment of a non-invasive method for stress evaluation in farmed salmon based on direct fecal corticoid metabolites measurement.

Fish welfare is an important issue for growth of the aquaculture industry. Stress responses represent animal's natural reactions to challenging conditions and could be used as a welfare indicator. Cortisol level is relevant to fish welfare condition, and is a readily measured component of the primary stress response system.

Exploring Diversity among Norwegian Borrelia Strains Originating from Ixodes ricinus Ticks.

Characterisation of Borrelia strains from Ixodes ricinus ticks is important in the epidemiological surveillance of vector-borne pathogens. Multilocus sequences analysis (MLSA) is a molecular genotyping tool with high discriminatory power that has been applied in evolutionary studies and for the characterisation of Borrelia genospecies. MLSA was used to study genetic variations in Borrelia strains isolated from I.

Prevalence and Diversity among Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strains Originating from Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Northwest Norway.

The tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes great concern for livestock farmers. Tick-borne fever is a widespread disease in Norway, and antibodies have been produced amongst sheep, roe deer, red deer, and moose. The main vector Ixodes ricinus is found along the Norwegian coastline as far north as the Arctic Circle.

DGGE Identification of Microorganisms Associated with Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato- or Anaplasma phagocytophilum-Infected Ixodes ricinus Ticks from Northwest Norway.

Ticks acquire a wide range of microorganisms as a natural part of their lifecycle. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoa can be transmitted to ticks during feeding and free-living phases. DGGE profiling is a molecular method to describe the microbial population associated with ticks and demonstrate some of the complexity and variety of tick-borne microorganisms.

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia valaisiana in Ixodes ricinus ticks from the northwest of Norway.

Objectives: Over a 3-y period, Ixodes ricinus ticks were randomly collected to study the prevalence of 4 Borrelia species: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii, B.

Identification of bacteria infecting Ixodes ricinus ticks by 16S rDNA amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.

Ticks harbor a complex microbial population, which they acquire while feeding on a variety of mammalians and birds. Zoonotic diseases transferred by ticks are an increasing problem and have become a burden to the community. 16S rDNA amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) enables detection of the broad spectrum of bacteria that settles in the ticks.