Rethinking the TNM Classification Regarding Direct Lymph Node Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Mechanisms of lymph node invasion seem to play a prognostic role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after resection. However, the 8th edition of the TNM classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) does not consider this. The aim of this study was to analyse the prognostic role of different mechanisms of lymph node invasion on PDAC.

Interactions of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) with the Immune System: Implications for Inflammation and Cancer.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily. TRAIL has historically been distinct from the Fas ligand and TNFα in terms of selective apoptosis induction in tumor cells and has a nearly non-existent systemic toxicity. Consequently, in the search for an ideal drug for tumor therapy, TRAIL rapidly drew interest, promising effective tumor control with minimal side effects.

Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

Background: This meta-analysis sought to evaluate the potential benefits and harms of laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer versus open surgery.

Methods: A comprehensive search for randomized controlled studies that compared laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer published until December 31, 2018, was conducted. Operative outcomes, early postoperative outcomes, and long-term results were analyzed using a random effects model.