Effects of Steady Glucose Concentration Peritoneal Dialysis on Ultrafiltration Volume and Sodium Removal: A Pilot Crossover Trial.

Background: Volume overload is common in patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Steady concentration PD is where a continuous glucose infusion maintains the intraperitoneal glucose concentration and as a result provides continuous ultrafiltration throughout the dwell. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the ultrafiltration rate and glucose ultrafiltration efficiency for steady concentration PD in comparison with a standard continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) dwell, using the novel Carry Life UF device.

Factors associated with time to first dialysis-associated peritonitis episode: Data from the Peritonitis Prevention Study (PEPS).

Introduction: Peritonitis remains a potentially serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. It is therefore important to identify risk factors in order to reduce the incidence of peritonitis. The aim of the present analysis was to identify factors associated with time to first peritonitis episode.

Retraining for prevention of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Peritonitis is more common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients nonadherent to the PD exchange protocol procedures than in compliant patients. We therefore investigated whether regular testing of PD knowledge with focus on infection prophylaxis could increase the time to first peritonitis (primary outcome) and reduce the peritonitis rate in new PD patients.

Methods: This physician-initiated, open-label, parallel group trial took place at 57 centers in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2015.

Bacteria on catheters in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Background: Peritonitis is the leading cause of morbidity for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and microbial biofilms have previously been identified on catheters from infected patients. However, few studies of catheters from patients without clinical signs of infection have been undertaken. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent to which bacteria are present on catheters from PD patients with no symptoms of infection.

The effects of low-sodium peritoneal dialysis fluids on blood pressure, thirst and volume status.

Background: Poor ultrafiltration is associated with worse outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This might in part reflect problems associated with salt and water excess. Increasing the diffusive component of peritoneal sodium removal using low-sodium PD fluids might have beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP), thirst and fluid status that could translate into clinical benefits.

Physiological properties of the peritoneum in an adult peritoneal dialysis population over a three-year period.

Objectives: To describe the physiological properties of the peritoneal membrane in adult patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and to analyze the effects of patient characteristics and time.

Design: Observational study.

Setting: Department of Nephrology at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital.

Dialysis modalities and dyslipidemia.

Progressive renal failure is accompanied by dyslipidemia, which is reflected in an abnormal apolipoprotein profile. It is characterized by increased concentrations of intact and partially metabolized triglyceride-rich apoB-containing lipoproteins. They occur preferentially in very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as a result of impaired metabolism and clearance.

Personal dialysis capacity (PDC(TM)) test: a multicentre clinical study.

Background: The assessment of the peritoneal membrane capacity and physiology of the individual patient is becoming increasingly important. It allows the prescription of an individualized peritoneal dialysis (PD)-regimen, and the monitoring of peritoneal membrane function over time. The PDC(TM) program offers the possibility to evaluate the peritoneal membrane characteristics and to predict solute and water removal by simulation of different treatment regimens.

The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic renal failure is increased and associated with impaired psychological general well-being.

Background: Malnutrition occurs frequently in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms may lead to reduced food intake, resulting in malnutrition and impaired well-being in these patients. The prevalence of GI symptoms in various chronic renal failure (CRF) groups is unexplored.

Nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis: studies in body composition, lipoprotein metabolism and peritoneal function.

This thesis is based on clinical studies including virtually all patients treated with peritoneal dialysis in Gothenburg during the 1990s. The patients had a fundamentally altered body composition compared to healthy subjects, characterised by a reduction in body cell mass and body fat already at start of dialysis. During PD treatment.

Alterations in lipoprotein composition in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Objective: Dyslipidemia is common among patients with end-stage renal disease, whether treated by hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). To better understand the specific lipoprotein abnormalities in PD patients, we measured the lipid and apolipoprotein (Apo) composition of the four major classes of plasma lipoproteins in PD patients, HD patients, and healthy control subjects: very low density (VLDL), intermediate density (IDL), low density (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL).

Design: Fasting plasma samples were obtained from 15 nondiabetic PD patients, 15 nondiabetic HD patients, and 16 healthy control subjects, all from a cross section of patients and subjects in the region of Göteborg, Sweden.

Limitations in anthropometric calculations of total body water in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Having an accurate estimation of total body water (TBW) is essential for the evaluation of dialysis efficacy in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In this study, TBW volumes were measured by tritium dilution (TBW(THO)) in 165 PD patients and compared with TBW calculations according to the Watson formulas. An alternative anthropometric formula based on the present PD population was also developed and validated in an independent sample of 29 PD patients.