Global metabolomic alterations associated with endocrine-disrupting chemicals among pregnant individuals and newborns.

Background: Gestational exposure to non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. While many EDCs affect the endocrine system, their effects on endocrine-related metabolic pathways remain unclear. This study aims to explore the global metabolome changes associated with EDC biomarkers at delivery.

Associations between neonicotinoids and inflammation in US adults using hematological indices: NHANES 2015-2016.

Background: Toxicological studies suggest neonicotinoids increase oxidative stress and inflammation, but few epidemiological studies have explored these effects.

Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 data were used to estimate associations between neonicotinoid exposure and inflammatory markers, including the C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte count ratio (CLR), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) using linear and multinomial logistic regression models. Sex was evaluated as a potential modifier.

Gestational organophosphate esters (OPEs) and executive function in adolescence: The HOME Study.

Background: Evidence from toxicological studies indicate organophosphate esters (OPEs) are neurotoxic, but few epidemiological studies investigated associations between gestational OPEs and executive function.

Objective: To examine the associations between gestational concentrations of OPE urinary metabolites and executive function at 12 years.

Methods: We used data from 223 mother-adolescent dyads from the Health Outcomes of Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study.

Associations between neonicotinoids and liver function measures in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016.

Background: Toxicological studies indicate that neonicotinoids may be associated with disruptions in liver function due to an increase in oxidative stress. There are scant epidemiological studies investigating the chronic hepatotoxic effects of neonicotinoids.

Objective: To examine the association between detectable concentrations of parent neonicotinoids and neonicotinoid metabolites with liver function markers among US adults, and whether sex modifies this association.

Gestational PBDE concentrations, persistent externalizing, and emerging internalizing behaviors in adolescents: The HOME study.

Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental chemicals used as flame retardants in commercial and consumer products. Gestational PBDE concentrations are associated with adverse behaviors in children; however, the persistence of these associations into adolescence remains understudied.

Objective: We estimated the association of gestational PBDE serum concentrations with early adolescent self- and caregiver-reported behaviors at age 12 years and determined the consistency with previously observed associations in childhood with caregiver-reported behaviors in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort.

Maternal and newborn metabolomic changes associated with urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite concentrations at delivery: an untargeted approach.

Introduction: Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with adverse human health outcomes. To explore the plausible associations between maternal PAH exposure and maternal/newborn metabolomic outcomes, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 75 pregnant people from Cincinnati, Ohio.

Method: We quantified 8 monohydroxylated PAH metabolites in maternal urine samples collected at delivery.

Patterns of urinary organophosphate ester metabolite trajectories in children: the HOME Study.

Background: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have replaced flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers as flame retardants in consumer products, but few longitudinal studies have characterized childhood OPE exposure.

Objective: We aimed to examine the exposure pattern of urinary OPE metabolites in children.

Methods: We quantified three urinary OPE metabolites five times in children (1, 2, 3, 5, 8 years) from 312 mother-child pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Early-life exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters and child behavior.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers for commercial and residential purposes, are suspected of being neurotoxic. We aimed to assess exposure to an OPE mixture in early life and its relationship to parent-reported child behavior. We measured urinary concentrations of three OPE metabolites, bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate (BCEP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), at pregnancy (16 and 26 weeks of gestation and delivery) and postnatal time points (ages 1, 2, 3, and 5 years) in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA (enrolled 2003-2006, n = 219).

Association between global biomarker of oxidative stress and quantitative ultrasound parameters in middle-aged and elderly adults: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: With the population aging, osteoporosis has become a major public health concern. Elevated oxidative stress is a vital detrimental factor for bone health. Compared to common oxidative stress-related biomarkers, Fluorescent Oxidation Products (FlOPs) reflect the global levels of oxidation from proteins, lipids, and DNA.

Associations of gestational exposure to organophosphate esters with gestational age and neonatal anthropometric measures: The HOME study.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are developmental toxicants in experimental studies of animals, but limited evidence is available in humans. We included 340 mother-infant pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) for the analysis. We evaluated gestational exposure to OPEs with gestation age at birth and newborn anthropometric measures.

Postprandial changes of oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy individuals.

Food consumption induces oxidative stress in humans, but the changes in oxidative stress levels after a regular meal are still unclear. We conducted an experimental study on 20 healthy volunteers (10 males, 10 females), who matched in age (±2 years). They were given a regular diet (total energy of 704 kcal, which contains 75 g of carbohydrates, 35 g of protein, and 29 g of lipids) at 11:30 a.

Gestational exposure to organophosphate esters and infant anthropometric measures in the first 4 weeks after birth.

Background: Few studies have examined whether gestational exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used chemicals with potential endocrine-disrupting potency and developmental toxicity, is associated with impaired infant growth.

Methods: We analyzed data from 329 mother-infant pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (2003-2006, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA). We quantified concentrations of four OPE metabolites in maternal urine collected at 16 and 26 weeks of gestation, and at delivery.

Childhood urinary organophosphate esters and cognitive abilities in a longitudinal cohort study.

The use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) as flame retardants, which has increased over the past two decades, raises concerns that OPEs may be harmful to humans, especially children. Animal studies and some human studies have reported that OPEs may adversely impact brain development, but few human studies evaluated OPE exposure during early childhood and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We aimed to fill this knowledge gap with the present study on urinary OPE metabolite concentrations at ages 1-5 years and cognitive abilities at 8 years.

Early life organophosphate ester exposures and bone health at age 12 years: The Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study.

Background: No human studies have evaluated early life organophosphate ester (OPE) exposures with bone health outcomes, despite evidence of osteotoxicity.

Objectives: We assessed associations of urinary OPE metabolites measured across early life with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at age 12 years.

Methods: Among 223 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, we quantified concentrations of bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate (BCEP), bis-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) (BDCIPP), di-n-butyl phosphate (DnBP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) in urine collected from mothers during pregnancy and children at ages 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 years.

Maternal urinary organophosphate ester metabolite concentrations and glucose tolerance during pregnancy: The HOME Study.

Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals may alter glucose homeostasis, especially during pregnancy. Biomonitoring studies suggest ubiquitous human exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs), chemicals with endocrine-disrupting capabilities. Few studies have examined the association between maternal exposure to OPEs and blood glucose during pregnancy.

Circulating Carnitine Levels and Breast Cancer: A Matched Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies investigating the association between carnitine and breast cancer are scarce.

Materials And Methods: This 1:1 age-matched retrospective case-control study identified 991 female breast cancer cases and 991 female controls without breast cancer using pathological testing. We used targeted metabolomics technology to measure 16 types of whole blood carnitine compounds, such as free carnitine (C0) and octadecanoylcarnitine (C18).

Exploratory analysis of the associations between neonicotinoids and measures of adiposity among US adults: NHANES 2015-2016.

Background: Toxicology studies suggest that neonicotinoids may be associated with adiposity development via thyroid hormone disruption and increased oxidative stress. Prior epidemiological studies report mixed results for the association between neonicotinoids and adiposity measures.

Objective: To examine the association between detectable concentrations of parent neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin) and neonicotinoid metabolites (5-hydroxy-imidacloprid, N-desmethyl-acetamiprid) with adiposity measures among US adults, and whether sex modifies the associations for neonicotinoid metabolites with adiposity.

Gestational exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and social skills and problem behaviors in adolescents: The HOME study.

Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental pollutants used as flame retardants. Gestational PBDE exposure has been associated with a variety of behavior problems in children, but little is known about its impact into adolescence, particularly on social skills, which are important for achieving social competence, establishing identity, and forming lasting relationships.

Objective: We investigated associations between gestational exposure to PBDEs and social skills and problem behaviors in early adolescence in a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio (recruited 2003-2006).

Dietary carotenoid intake and osteoporosis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018.

Unlabelled: Higher intake of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were associated with lower risk of osteoporosis. A very high intake of lutein + zeaxanthin was also associated with lower risk of osteoporosis. These results support the beneficial role of carotenoids on bone health.

Plasma Fluorescent Oxidation Products and Bone Mineral Density Among Male Veterans: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In vitro and vivo studies indicate that oxidative stress contributes to bone loss. Fluorescent oxidation products (FlOPs) are novel biomarkers of oxidative stress; they reflect global oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. However, whether FlOPs are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) is still unclear.

Maternal urinary OPE metabolite concentrations and blood pressure during pregnancy: The HOME study.

Background: Few studies have examined the association between maternal exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) during pregnancy.

Methods: We analyzed data from 346 women with a singleton live birth in the HOME Study, a prospective birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. We quantified four OPE metabolites in maternal spot urine samples collected at 16 and 26 weeks pregnancy, standardized by specific gravity.

Prenatal exposure to a mixture of organophosphate esters and intelligence among 8-year-old children of the HOME Study.

Many environmental chemicals are being identified as suspected neurotoxicants based on the findings of both experimental and epidemiological studies. Organophosphate esters (OPEs), which are among the chemicals that have replaced neurotoxic polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) after 2004, have also become an important public health topic as evidence regarding their potential for early-life neurotoxicity is growing. In 233 mother child pairs from Cincinnati, OH, we measured concentrations of the OPE metabolites bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate (BCEP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), and di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP) in the urine of pregnant women at 16 and 26 weeks gestation and at delivery.

Childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurobehavioral domains in children at age 8 years.

Background: Toxicological studies have raised concerns regarding the neurotoxic effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, observational evidence from human studies investigating the association between childhood PFAS and neurobehavior is limited and remains unclear.

Objectives: To examine whether childhood PFAS concentrations are associated with neurobehavior in children at age 8 years and whether child sex modifies this relationship.

Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and cardiometabolic indices during pregnancy: The HOME Study.

Background: Toxicology studies have identified pregnancy as a window of susceptibility for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and cardiometabolic indices in women. No study in humans, however, has examined EDC mixtures and cardiometabolic indices during pregnancy.

Methods: We used the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study to examine whether bisphenol A (BPA), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and phthalates are associated with blood pressure, glucose, and lipids in 388 pregnant women.