No Difference in Average Interdialytic Weight Gain Observed in a Randomized Trial With a Technology-Supported Behavioral Intervention to Reduce Dietary Sodium Intake in Adults Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis in the United States: Primary Outcomes of the BalanceWise Study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of behavioral counseling combined with technology-based self-monitoring for sodium restriction in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Subjects: English literate adults undergoing outpatient, in-center intermittent HD for at least 3 months.

Physical activity counseling in overweight and obese primary care patients: Outcomes of the VA-STRIDE randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this 2-arm randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 12-month, expert system-based, print-delivered physical activity intervention in a primary care Veteran population in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants were not excluded for many health conditions that typically are exclusionary criteria in physical activity trials. The primary outcome measures were physical activity reported using the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire and an accelerometer-based activity assessment at baseline, 6, and 12 months.

Dietary Sodium Intake in Type 2 Diabetes.

Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Superimposed hypertension further increases the risk and is associated with increased dietary sodium intake. There are few data available on dietary sodium intake in type 2 diabetes.

Recruitment of veterans from primary care into a physical activity randomized controlled trial: the experience of the VA-STRIDE study.

Background: Much of the existing literature on physical activity (PA) interventions involves physically inactive individuals recruited from community settings rather than clinical practice settings. Recruitment of patients into interventions in clinical practice settings is difficult due to limited time available in the clinic, identification of appropriate personnel to efficiently conduct the process, and time-consuming methods of recruitment. The purpose of this report is to describe the approach used to identify and recruit veterans from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Pittsburgh Healthcare System Primary Care Clinic into a randomized controlled PA study.

Biophysiologic outcomes of the Enhancing Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes (ENHANCE) trial.

Background: Behavioral research to improve lifestyle in broadly defined populations of patients with type 2 diabetes is limited.

Objective: We evaluated a behavioral intervention featuring technology-based self-monitoring on biophysiologic outcomes of glycemic control and markers of cardiovascular risk.

Design: In this single-site, randomized clinical trial, participants were stratified by good and poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin <8% or ≥8%) and absence or presence of kidney disease, (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 or <60 mL/min) and randomized within strata.

A descriptive study of past experiences with weight-loss treatment.

Background: Overweight and obesity affect more than 60% of the adult population in the United States. Most adults who are overweight have a history of previous weight-loss treatment. Exploring individuals' past experiences with weight-loss treatment may allow improvements to the current approach to treatment.

A randomized clinical trial testing treatment preference and two dietary options in behavioral weight management: preliminary results of the impact of diet at 6 months--PREFER study.

Objective: The PREFER study objectives were to examine potential differences in weight loss during a standard behavioral intervention between subjects assigned to one of two calorie- and fat-restricted diets [standard behavior treatment (SBT) and lacto-ovo-vegetarian ([SBT+LOV)], with or without regard to their preferred dietary treatment. This article reports the differences in outcomes between diet groups after the first 6 months of the intervention.

Research Methods And Procedures: The study used a four-group design.

Middle-aged premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes have lower bone mineral density and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound than nondiabetic women.

Objective: To determine whether middle-aged premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes had more self-reported fractures and lower bone mineral density (BMD) compared with nondiabetic women.

Research Design And Methods: Participants were premenopausal women aged 35-55 years with type 1 diabetes (n = 67; 32.2 +/- 5.

Infant diet and type 1 diabetes in China.

Infant milk and food introduction may be linked to type 1 diabetes risk in high incidence populations. Dietary data through age 12 months was collected for 247 type 1 diabetic cases and 443 controls in China, a low incidence population, to determine if milk and solid food intake differed. Age range at introduction to milk and formulas was similar in cases and controls but solid food introduction more often occurred before age 3 months in cases.

Menstrual cycle differences between women with type 1 diabetes and women without diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate menstrual cycle histories among women with type 1 diabetes, their sisters, and unrelated control subjects without diabetes across all reproductive ages.

Research Design And Methods: Menstrual and reproductive histories were obtained by questionnaire from 143 women with type 1 diabetes, 186 sisters without diabetes, and 158 unrelated control subjects without diabetes participating in the Familial Autoimmune and Diabetes study.

Results: Women with type 1 diabetes had more menstrual problems (long cycles, long menstruation, and heavy menstruation) before age 30 years than sisters and control subjects.