Comparision of how old age psychiatry and general adult psychiatry services meet the needs of elderly people with functional mental illness: cross-sectional survey.

Background: There is little research evidence as to whether general adult psychiatry or old age psychiatry should look after old people with enduring mental illness.

Aims: To compare the extent to which general adult and old age psychiatric services meet the needs of older people with enduring mental illness.

Method: A total of 74 elderly patients with functional psychiatric disorders were identified by reviewing the notes of patients over the age of 60 living in a defined inner urban catchment area.

Characterization of genetic loci that affect susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases in African Americans.

Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has familial aggregation in African Americans (AAs), but little is known about the molecular genetic susceptibility. Mapping studies using the Immunochip genotyping array expand the number of susceptibility loci for IBD in Caucasians to 163, but the contribution of the 163 loci and European admixture to IBD risk in AAs is unclear. We performed a genetic mapping study using the Immunochip to determine whether IBD susceptibility loci in Caucasians also affect risk in AAs and identify new associated loci.

Lubiprostone plus PEG electrolytes versus placebo plus PEG electrolytes for outpatient colonoscopy preparation: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Bowel preparation using large volume of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions is often poorly tolerated. Therefore, there are ongoing efforts to develop an alternative bowel cleansing regimen that should be equally effective and better tolerated. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of lubiprostone (versus placebo) plus PEG as a bowel cleansing preparation for colonoscopy.

Golimumab may induce exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease when it is used for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a case report with a review of literature.

Golimumab is a human IgG monoclonal antibody specific for human tumor necrosis factor alpha. Golimumab has been approved for use in rheumatological conditions; however, its use in inflammatory bowel disease is still being evaluated in clinical trials. We report a case of an exacerbation of ulcerative proctitis after starting on golimumab for ankylosing spondylitis.

Relationship of symptom duration and fecal bacteriotherapy in Clostridium difficile infection-pooled data analysis and a systematic review.

Objective: Clostridium difficle-associated infection (CDI) is usually treated with antibiotics; nevertheless, the infection has a high relapse rate. Case series and case reports using fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for CDI show promising results. However, there are no large studies to provide evidence for the efficacy of this therapy.

Fecal Bacteriotherapy: A Case Report in an Immunosuppressed Patient with Ulcerative Colitis and Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection.

We report a case of ulcerative colitis (UC) and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) where the patient was on immunomodulatory therapy and had successful CDI eradication after fecal transplantation. This is the first case report in the literature documenting successful C. difficile eradication in an immunosuppressed patient.

Antithrombotic management of stroke patients before colonoscopy.

Background: Uncertainty exists regarding the management of antithrombotic medications in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients around the time of colonoscopy. We sought to evaluate whether there was a difference in adverse events among patients who continued medications and those who had temporary discontinuation.

Methods: Using a hospital administrative database, electronic charts of patients with a diagnostic code for stroke or TIA and a procedural code for colonoscopy were reviewed.

Pregabalin for the treatment of abdominal adhesion pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Chronic pain related to postoperative abdominal adhesions is a common problem with no standard analgesic regimen currently established. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we examined the effects of pregabalin on pain modulation in patients with prior abdominal surgery and documented adhesion. The primary outcome measure was pain relief documented by a 2-point change on the Likert pain scale with a secondary pain measure of sleep interruption.

Mesalamine protects against colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with the general population. Previous studies show this risk is strongly associated with dysplasia, extent of disease, duration of disease, and degree of inflammation, while chemoprevention of CRC has less support.

Aim: Evaluate factors influencing risk of colorectal cancer development in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Mast cells are early responders after hypoxia-ischemia in immature rat brain.

Background And Purpose: Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) produces acute and prolonged inflammation of the brain. Mast cells (MCs), numerous in the pia and CNS of neonatal rats, can initiate inflammation attributable to preformed mediators. MCs contribute to HI brain damage in the neonatal rat; MC stabilization protects through 48 hours of reperfusion.

An extra pair of hands? A case study of the introduction of support workers in community mental health teams for older adults.

Background: Despite the expanding deployment of support workers in mental health services, little evidence exists on what managers and professional practitioners should expect of such staff in community settings.

Aims: This case study evaluated the introduction of support workers in community mental health teams for older adults.

Method: A multiple method design engaged support workers and professional colleagues in individual interviews, a focus group and a work satisfaction survey.

The burden of acute nonfulminant drug-induced hepatitis in a United States tertiary referral center [corrected].

Background/goals: There are limited data regarding the frequency and proportionality of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in the United States. We sought to determine the scope of nonfulminant drug-induced hepatitis as seen in a community-based hepatology referral service.

Study: From a population of 4,039 outpatients referred for evaluation of acute (n = 96) and chronic (n = 3,943) liver disease over a 10-year period, we reviewed the records of those patients diagnosed with acute bona fide drug-induced hepatitis.

Oral broccoli sprouts for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a preliminary report.

We sought to determine whether orally consumed broccoli sprouts could eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection in infected human volunteers. Helicobacter pylori-positive patients were identified by stool antigen testing or gastric biopsies. Patients consumed broccoli sprouts (14, 28, or 56 g) twice daily for 7 days.

Brain mast cells are influenced by chemosensory cues associated with estrus induction in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).

Historically, the brain has been viewed as protected from the infiltration of peripheral hematopoietic cells by the blood-brain barrier. However, numerous immune cell types have been found in the central nervous system (CNS). Mast cells, granulocytic immune cells, are found in the CNS of birds and mammals and their numbers and location are influenced by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including reproductive behavior and endocrine status.

Post-bloodmeal diuretic shedding of hepatitis B virus by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae).

Persistence and diuretic shedding of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) was studied by using infectious blood feedings, intrathoracic inoculations, and detection of virus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization. Results showed that both Anopheles stephensi Liston and Ochlerotatus triseriatus (Say) shed HBV during diuresis for up to 72 h after feeding on an HBV-positive serum drawn from a human donor. HBV did not persist in the bodies of either An.