Ultrasound assessment of the inferior glenohumeral capsule in normal shoulders-a study of measurement variables and reliability.

Objectives: To establish the reliability of a standardised ultrasound protocol to measure normal inferior glenohumeral capsule (IGHC) thickness and to investigate the effects of age, sex, hand dominance and angles of abduction on the thickness.

Methods: IGHC images were obtained at 60, 90 and 180 abduction angles of 151 asymptomatic shoulders in supine position. Following the proposed guidelines, three sonographers blindly measured the IGHC thicknesses for intra- and interrater reliability assessments.

Ultrasound Features for the Diagnosis of Adhesive Capsulitis/Frozen Shoulder: A Systematic Review.

While ultrasound has become a preferred tool for musculoskeletal imaging, differing ultrasound findings that have been reported in patients with adhesive capsulitis can create confusion and misconceptions. This systematic review was aimed at summarizing all the ultrasound features currently described in the literature and providing a critical analysis of the sources to allow the readers to make a well-informed decision on the reliability of these features in the diagnosis of this condition. Databases were searched for original studies up to August 2021.

Comparative Analysis of Breast Cancer Incidence Rates between Australia and Japan: Screening Target Implications.

Background: The purpose of this analysis was to compare the age-specific incidence rates (ASIRs) of breast cancer in Australia and Japan to determine the appropriateness of national screening target age groups.

Methods: The paper is based on secondary sources of data. The ASIRs in 2006-2015 were collected from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) and the National Cancer Center Japan.

Mammographic Breast Density of Japanese Women Living in Australia: Implications for Breast Screening Policy.

Background: Mammographic Breast Density (MBD) increases breast cancer risk, lowers sensitivity of mammography and is related to ethnicity. This study compared the MBD of Australian women living in Australia (AW), Japanese women living in Japan (JWJ) and Japan-born women living in Australia (JWA). The outcomes have implications for breast screening policies in Australia.

Mammography image quality and evidence based practice: Analysis of the demonstration of the inframammary angle in the digital setting.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the clinical rates of the demonstration of the inframammary angle (IMA) on the mediolateral oblique (MLO) view of the breast on digital mammograms and to compare the outcomes with current accreditation standards for compliance. Relationships between the IMA, age, the posterior nipple line (PNL) and compressed breast thickness will be identified and the study outcomes validated using appropriate analyses of inter-reader and inter-rater reliability and variability. Differences in left versus right data were also investigated.

Evaluating radiographers' diagnostic accuracy in screen-reading mammograms: what constitutes a quality study?

Introduction: The aim of this study was to first evaluate the quality of studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of radiographers as mammogram screen-readers and then to develop an adapted tool for determining the quality of screen-reading studies.

Methods: A literature search was used to identify relevant studies and a quality evaluation tool constructed by combining the criteria for quality of Whiting, Rutjes, Dinnes et al. and Brealey and Westwood.

Evaluation of radiographers' mammography screen-reading accuracy in Australia.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of radiographers' screen-reading mammograms. Currently, radiologist workforce shortages may be compromising the BreastScreen Australia screening program goal to detect early breast cancer. The solution to a similar problem in the United Kingdom has successfully encouraged radiographers to take on the role as one of two screen-readers.

Mammographic density and cancer detection: does digital imaging challenge our current understanding?

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the impact of breast density on the performance of radiologists when mammograms are digitally acquired and displayed.

Materials And Methods: A total of 150 craniocaudal digital mammograms including 75 cases with cancer were examined by 14 radiologists divided into two groups: those who read more (six) and less (eight) than 2000 mammograms per year. Cases were classified as low or high mammographic density.

E-tutorial improves students' ability to detect lesions.

Purpose: This Australian study explores the effects of an educational intervention on first-year medical radiation sciences (MRS) students by examining eye-tracking metrics while they attempted to detect breast lesions on radiologic images before and after an e-learning tutorial. The study also analyzes performance using receiver operating characteristic methodology.

Methods: Fourteen first-year MRS students were equally and randomly assigned to a control or experiment group to participate in 2 image-detection sessions.

A comparison between the electronic magnification (EM) and true magnification (TM) of breast phantom images using a CDMAM phantom.

Purpose: To provide a comparison between the image quality of electronically magnified (EM) and geometric, or true, magnification (TM) mammographic images.

Materials And Methods: One Computed Radiography (CR), one Digital Radiography (DR) and two screen-film (S-F) imaging systems were investigated. A Contrast-Detail Mammography (CDMAM) phantom was used as a test object.

Disability and mammography screening: intangible barriers to participation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate intangible or non-physical barriers to participation of women with disability in mammography screening.

Method:  Women with disability were recruited via specific advocacy and support organisations in New South Wales, Australia. Interviews were conducted which focused on issues relating to participants' experience with breast screening services.

Mammography image quality: model for predicting compliance with posterior nipple line criterion.

Purpose: To develop a model using measurements of pectoral muscle width and length together with the acceptability of the posterior nipple line criteria (PNL) to predict the acceptability of the presentation of the pectoral muscle in the mediolateral oblique view of the breast.

Method: A total of 400 mediolateral oblique mammogram images were randomly selected from BreastScreen NSW South West, Australia. Measurements of length and width of the pectoral muscle and the acceptability of the pectoral muscle position relative to the PNL were recorded.

A review of methods of clinical image quality evaluation in mammography.

Purpose: Consistency in evaluation of mammography images in research and clinical practice is dependent on a standardised clinical image quality evaluation system. Currently two such systems are available-one developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the other by the European Commission (EU guidelines). The purpose of this study was to review mammography clinical evaluation methods in research studies and their adherence to these systems.

Women with cerebral palsy and breast cancer screening by mammography.

Women with cerebral palsy and breast cancer screening by mammography. We emphasize the need to identify specific barriers to participation in breast cancer screening by mammography experienced by women with cerebral palsy (CP). Mammography screening has been found to reduce mortality rates by 30%, but women with disabilities such as CP underuse this important preventive medicine facility, potentially leading to delay in diagnosis of breast cancer and a less favorable prognosis.

Comparison of the validity and reliability of two image classification systems for the assessment of mammogram quality.

Objective: To compare the reliability and validity of two classification systems used to evaluate the quality of mammograms: PGMI ('perfect', 'good', 'moderate' and 'inadequate') and EAR ('excellent', 'acceptable' and 'repeat').

Setting: New South Wales (Australia) population-based mammography screening programme (BreastScreen NSW).

Methods: Thirty sets of mammograms were rated by 21 radiographers and an expert panel.

Breast compression in mammography: how much is enough?

The amount of breast compression that is applied during mammography potentially influences image quality and the discomfort experienced. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between applied compression force, breast thickness, reported discomfort and image quality. Participants were women attending routine breast screening by mammography at BreastScreen New South Wales Central and Eastern Sydney.