Short-term Outcomes in Infants after General Anesthesia with Low-dose Sevoflurane/Dexmedetomidine/Remifentanil versus Standard-dose Sevoflurane (the TREX Trial).

Background: The Trial Remifentanil DEXmedetomidine (TREX) trial aimed to determine whether, in children less than 2 yr old, low-dose sevoflurane/dexmedetomidine/remifentanil anesthesia is superior to standard-dose sevoflurane anesthesia in terms of global cognitive function at 3 yr of age. The aim of the current secondary analyses was to compare incidence of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia, postoperative pain, time to recovery, need for treatment of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia, incidence of light anesthesia and need for treatment, need for postoperative pain medications, and morbidity and mortality outcomes at 5 days between the two arms.

Methods: This phase III randomized active controlled, parallel group, assessor blinded, multicenter, superiority trial was performed in 20 centers in Australia, Italy, and the United States.

Propofol for Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients With Epilepsy on the Ketogenic Diet: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Propofol use is contraindicated in patients on ketogenic diet (KD) due to higher risk of propofol infusion syndrome (PIS). This study is intended to provide a descriptive analysis of our experience with propofol bolus and short infusions for anesthetic care in patients on the KD and to evaluate if any signs of PIS were observed.

Methods: All patients on the KD who underwent anesthesia with propofol between 2012 and 2022 were reviewed.

Perioperative management of pediatric en-bloc combined heart-liver transplants: a case series review.

Background: Combined heart and liver transplantation (CHLT) in the pediatric population involves a complex group of patients, many of whom have palliated congenital heart disease (CHD) involving single ventricle physiology.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the perioperative management of pediatric patients undergoing CHLT at a single institution and to identify management strategies that may be used to optimize perioperative care.

Methods: We did a retrospective database review of all patients receiving CHLT at a children's hospital between 2006 and 2014.

Pediatric high grade glioma of the spinal cord: results of the HIT-GBM database.

Little is known about pediatric spinal cord high grade gliomas (SCHGG) beyond their dismal prognosis. Here, we analyzed the HIT-GBM(®) database for the influence of surgical resection on survival. Between 1991 and 2010 the HIT-GBM group collected data from European children diagnosed with high grade glioma.

Loss of glypican-3 function causes growth factor-dependent defects in cardiac and coronary vascular development.

Glypican-3 (Gpc3) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) expressed widely during vertebrate development. Loss-of-function mutations cause Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS), a rare and complex congenital overgrowth syndrome with a number of associated developmental abnormalities including congenital heart disease. We found that Gpc3-deficient mice display a high incidence of congenital cardiac malformations like ventricular septal defects, common atrioventricular canal and double outlet right ventricle.