Beyond race: social vulnerability and access to metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is under-accessed by non-White patients, who are disproportionately affected by obesity. We hypothesized that unique barriers experienced by socially vulnerable patients drive disparate MBS utilization.

Objectives: To determine whether socially vulnerable patients experience greater attrition and face more insurance-mandated medical weight management (MWM) requirements.

Social Vulnerability and Firearm Violence: Geospatial Analysis of 5 US Cities.

Background: Firearm violence is now endemic to certain US neighborhoods. Understanding factors that impact a neighborhood's susceptibility to firearm violence is crucial for prevention. Using a nationally standardized measure to characterize community-level firearm violence risk has not been broadly studied but could enhance prevention efforts.

TXA does not affect levels of TBI-related biomarkers in blunt TBI with ICH: A secondary analysis of the prehospital TXA for TBI trial.

Background: Brain specific biomarkers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) have been identified as tools for diagnosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to decrease mortality in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The effect of TXA on these biomarkers is unknown.

A novel machine-learning tool to identify community risk for firearm violence: The Firearm Violence Vulnerability Index.

Background: Firearm violence in the United States is a public health crisis, but accessing accurate firearm assault data to inform prevention strategies is a challenge. Vulnerability indices have been used in other fields to better characterize and identify at-risk populations during crises, but no tool currently exists to predict where rates of firearm violence are highest. We sought to develop and validate a novel machine-learning algorithm, the Firearm Violence Vulnerability Index (FVVI), to forecast community risk for shooting incidents, fill data gaps, and enhance prevention efforts.

Social Vulnerability Index is strongly associated with urban pediatric firearm violence: An analysis of five major US cities.

Background: Firearm-related injury in children is a public health crisis. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) identifies communities at risk for adverse effects due to natural or human-caused crises. We sought to determine if SVI was associated with pediatric firearm-related injury and thus could assist in prevention planning.

Trauma patients in the pediatric ICU: rational use of a limited resource.

Purpose Of Review: Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of pediatric mortality; pediatric ICUs (PICUs) are an important but potentially limited resource associated with high costs. In an era of rising healthcare costs, appropriate resource utilization is important. Here, we examine evidence-based guidelines supporting the management of pediatric traumatic injury outside of the PICU.

Large, extra-abdominal leiomyoma of the round ligament with carneous degeneration.

Round ligament tumours represent a rare entity that can present similarly to an incarcerated hernia. Basic understanding and appropriate preoperative management is imperative in order to differentiate between the two diagnoses. Leiomyoma is the most common type of round ligament tumour.

Preliminary evidence for white matter tract abnormalities in young adults exposed to parental verbal abuse.

Background: Psychiatric sequelae of exposure to parental verbal abuse (PVA) appear to be comparable with that of nonfamilial sexual abuse and witnessing domestic violence. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to ascertain whether PVA was associated with abnormalities in white matter (WM) tract integrity.

Methods: 1271 healthy young adults were screened for exposure to childhood adversity.