Pilot Study of Acute Behavioral Effects of Pallidal Burst Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Burst-patterned pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) in an animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) yields significantly prolonged therapeutic benefit compared to conventional continuous DBS, but its value in patients remains unclear.

Objectives: The aims were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of acute (<2 hours) burst DBS in PD patients and to evaluate preliminary clinical effectiveness relative to conventional DBS.

Methods: Six PD patients were studied with DBS OFF, conventional DBS, and burst DBS.

Occupational exposure to hepatitis C virus: early T-cell responses in the absence of seroconversion in a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: T-cell responses have been described in seronegative patients who test negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA despite frequent HCV exposure. However, the cross-sectional design of those studies did not clarify whether T cells were indeed induced by low-level HCV exposure without seroconversion or whether they resulted from regular acute infection with subsequent antibody loss.

Methods: Over a 10-year period, our longitudinal study recruited 72 healthcare workers with documented HCV exposure.

Innate immune responses in hepatitis C virus-exposed healthcare workers who do not develop acute infection.

Unlabelled: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection typically results in chronic disease with HCV outpacing antiviral immune responses. Here we asked whether innate immune responses are induced in healthcare workers who are exposed to small amounts of HCV, but do not develop systemic infection and acute liver disease. Twelve healthcare workers with accidental percutaneous exposure to HCV-infected blood were prospectively studied for up to 6 months for phenotype and function of natural killer T (NKT) and NK cells, kinetics of serum chemokines, and vigor and specificity of HCV-specific T-cell responses.

Intra- and intersubject whole blood/plasma cannabinoid ratios determined by 2-dimensional, electron impact GC-MS with cryofocusing.

Background: Whole-blood concentrations of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) are approximately half of those in plasma due to high plasma protein binding and poor cannabinoid distribution into erythrocytes. Whole blood is frequently the only specimen available in forensic investigations; controlled cannabinoid administration studies provide scientific data for interpretation of cannabinoid tests but usually report plasma concentrations. Whole-blood/plasma cannabinoid ratios from simultaneously collected authentic specimens are rarely reported.

Topiramate-positive death-investigation and impaired-driving cases in Washington State.

Topiramate (Topamax), an effective seizure disorder treatment, received additional FDA approval for prevention of migraine headaches in August 2004 and has gained attention for its off-label uses, including psychiatric and eating disorders, neuropathic pain, and alcohol and drug dependency. Side effects of sedation, dizziness, ataxia, speech difficulty, nystagmus, paresthesia, and metabolic acidosis are described. The manufacturer reports that tolerance to the antiseizure properties does not develop.

Death of an infant involving benzocaine.

This report describes the death of a four-month-old Hispanic male which may be related to benzocaine toxicity. A toxicological evaluation revealed benzocaine at a concentration of 3.48 mg/L, and postmortem methemoglobin of 36% (normal 0.

Lorazepam and driving impairment.

Lorazepam (Ativan), is a benzodiazepine frequently used to manage anxiety, presurgically, and as a sedative. Common side effects include sedation, dizziness, weakness, unsteadiness, and disorientation. Consequently, lorazepam can have a significant effect on driving ability.