Association between job strain and working life expectancy: a longitudinal study of older people in Sweden.

Many European countries have increased retirement ages to address the challenge of population ageing. However, job strain which is the combination of high job demands and low job control may be an obstacle to extending the working lives of older workers. Job strain is associated with poor health and early work exit among older workers, but less is known about whether job strain impacts working life expectancy (WLE)-an increasingly employed summary measure capturing the length of working lives.

Sleep duration and quality in permanent night work: an observational field study.

Purpose: Permanent night workers conceivably show better adaptation of circadian rhythms to night work than shift workers and therefore better possibilities of obtaining sufficient sleep of good quality after night shifts. We investigated the effect of night shifts including number of consecutive shifts on sleep among self-selected permanent night workers, and studied if the effect of night shifts differed between morning and evening types and compared with 3-shift workers.

Methods: The study population included 90 permanent night workers followed for 14 days (warehouse workers, 1228 observation days, 80% males).

Validity of self-reported night shift work among women with and without breast cancer.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the validity of self-reported information on ever-night shift work among women with and without breast cancer and illustrate the consequences for breast cancer risk estimates.

Methods: During 2015-2016, 225 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 1800 matched controls without breast cancer employed within the Danish hospital regions during 2007-2016 participated in a questionnaire-based survey. Their reported night shift work status was linked with objective payroll register day-by-day working hour data from the Danish Working Hour Database and the Danish Cancer Registry.

Trajectories of marginal part-time work and risk of depression. Does job or income insecurity mediate the relation?

Objectives: Working few hours a week, known as marginal part-time work, may increase both job and income insecurity, which have been linked to the risk of depression. This study examines the association between marginal part-time work and depression and the mediating role of job and income insecurity.

Methods: We included 30 523 respondents of the Danish Labor Force Survey (DLFS) between 2010 and 2017 and linked them to register-based information on weekly working hours, which was used to identify full-time workers and model group-based trajectories of marginal part-time.

Night and evening shifts and risk of calling in sick within the next two days - a case-crossover study design based on day-to-day payroll data.

Objective: Night and evening work is associated with risk of sickness absence, but little is known about the acute effects of these types of shifts on sickness absence. The aim of the current study is therefore to examine the risk of calling in sick within two days after a night or an evening shift.

Methods: By use of a case-crossover design, odds of calling in sick within two days after a night or an evening shift compared to day shifts were analyzed within the same person.

Model for Teaching the Helping Babies Survive Course Series and Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics Workshops to Rural Skilled Birth Attendants in Uganda.

Uganda, like much of Sub-Saharan Africa and other underserved regions continues to face the challenge of high neonatal and maternal mortality. The Helping Babies Survive (HBS) course and the Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) provide hands on education to train providers in key life-saving interventions. A uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) procedure can be life-saving in the event of uterine bleeding.

Maternal life and work stressors during pregnancy and asthma in offspring.

Background: Maternal stressors during pregnancy are potential risk factors for asthma in offspring. However, previous studies have been limited by the use of self-reported data focusing on stressors either in private life or at work. This study examined the association between maternal stressors both in private life and at work during pregnancy and asthma in offspring.

How to schedule night shift work in order to reduce health and safety risks.

Objectives This discussion paper aims to provide scientifically based recommendations on night shift schedules, including consecutive shifts, shift intervals and duration of shifts, which may reduce health and safety risks. Short-term physiological effects in terms of circadian disruption, inadequate sleep duration and quality, and fatigue were considered as possible links between night shift work and selected health and safety risks, namely, cancer, cardio-metabolic disease, injuries, and pregnancy-related outcomes. Method In early 2020, 15 experienced shift work researchers participated in a workshop where they identified relevant scientific literature within their main research area.

Maternal exposure to psychosocial job strain during pregnancy and behavioral problems in the 11-year-old children: a Danish cohort study.

Maternal psychosocial stress may impact child neurodevelopment, but little is known regarding psychosocial job strain. We hypothesized high psychosocial job strain during pregnancy was associated with behavioural problems in the 11-year-old children. Mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002) were included if they worked, provided information on job strain [Karasek's model: high job strain (often job demand/seldom job control) and passive (seldom or sometimes job demands/seldom job control)] during early pregnancy.

Working time characteristics and long-term sickness absence among Danish and Finnish nurses: A register-based study.

Background: Working time regimes in Denmark and Finland share many similarities such as nursing personnel working in highly irregular shift systems. Yet, there are also differences for example in policy on when and how the employers are compensated for sickness absence.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between different working hour characteristics and long-term sickness absence and whether these associations differed within various age groups in two large datasets of nursing personnel from Denmark and Finland.

Effort-reward imbalance at work and weight changes in a nationwide cohort of workers in Denmark.

Objective: To investigate the relation between effort-reward imbalance (ERI) at work and subsequent weight changes.

Methods: We included participants from a population-based cohort of workers in Denmark (mean age = 47 years, 54% women) with two (n = 9005) or three repeated measurements (n = 5710). We investigated the association between (a) ERI (ie, the mismatch between high efforts spent and low rewards received at work) at baseline and weight changes after a 2-year follow-up (defined as ≥5% increase or decrease in body mass index (BMI) vs stable), and (b) onset and remission of ERI and subsequent changes in BMI.

Night work and risk of ischaemic heart disease and anti-hypertensive drug use: a cohort study of 145 861 Danish employees.

Background: Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and hypertension are leading causes of mortality and night work has been suspected as a risk factor. Meta-analyses and previous studies are often limited by power and various definitions of exposure and outcomes. This study aimed to investigate if night work increases the risk of IHD or anti-hypertensive drug usage in a large cohort of Danish employees.

Night work and postpartum depression: a national register-based cohort study.

Objective We aimed to investigate the association of night work during pregnancy with the risk of severe postpartum depression (PPD). Methods We performed a nationwide register-based cohort study of workers in all Danish public hospitals. Daily information on working hours was retrieved from the Danish Working Hour Database from January 2007 to December 2015.

Night work during pregnancy and preterm birth-A large register-based cohort study.

Background: Melatonin stimulates the production of progesterone, which is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. Since melatonin in blood is reduced due to work under illuminated conditions during night work, it has been hypothesized that night work may increase the risk of preterm birth. Previous meta-analyses have not revealed increased risk of preterm birth in women working night shifts during pregnancy.

Night work and miscarriage: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study.

Objective: Observational studies indicate an association between working nights and miscarriage, but inaccurate exposure assessment precludes causal inference. Using payroll data with exact and prospective measurement of night work, the objective was to investigate whether working night shifts during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.

Methods: A cohort of 22 744 pregnant women was identified by linking the Danish Working Hour Database (DWHD), which holds payroll data on all Danish public hospital employees, with Danish national registers on births and admissions to hospitals (miscarriage).

Night work and sick leave during pregnancy: a national register-based within-worker cohort study.

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate the acute effect of night work during pregnancy on the risk of calling in sick the following day using register-based information and the workers as their own controls.

Methods: Using the payroll-based national Danish Working Hour Database, including all public hospital employees in Denmark, we identified 9799 pregnant women with ≥1 day shift and ≥1 night shift and ≥1 day of sick leave during the first 32 pregnancy weeks from January 2007 to December 2013. We performed fixed effects logistic regression, that is, within-worker comparisons, of the risk of sick leave of any duration starting within 24 hours after night shifts of different length versus day shifts.

Night-time work and all-cause mortality in the general working population of Denmark.

Purpose: A recent study among female nurses in Denmark found an increased mortality among night-time workers, which has raised concerns about the sufficiency of the EU Working Time Directive. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between night-time work and all-cause mortality among full-time employees in the general workforce of Denmark.

Methods: Interview data from the Danish Labour Force Surveys, 1999-2013, were linked to national registers with individual-level data on occupation, industry, socioeconomic status (SES), emigrations and deaths.

Comparison group selection in the presence of rolling entry for health services research: Rolling entry matching.

Objective: To demonstrate rolling entry matching (REM), a new statistical method, for comparison group selection in the context of staggered nonuniform participant entry in nonrandomized interventions.

Study Setting: Four Health Care Innovation Award (HCIA) interventions between 2012 and 2016.

Study Design: Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation HCIA participants entering these interventions over time were matched with nonparticipants who exhibited a similar pattern of health care use and expenditures during each participant's baseline period.

Short time between shifts and risk of injury among Danish hospital workers: a register-based cohort study.

Objectives Short time between consecutive work shifts (quick returns, ie, ≤11 hours between shifts) is associated with sleepiness and fatigue, both of which have been linked to risk of injury. This paper aims to study quick returns between work shifts and risk of injury among Danish hospital workers. Method The study population included 69 200 employees, primarily working at hospitals, corresponding to 167 726 person years at risk between 2008-2015.

Combined exposure to lifting and psychosocial strain at work and adverse pregnancy outcomes-A study in the Danish National Birth Cohort.

Background: Previous studies have investigated physical and psychosocial job exposures separately in relation to foetal growth. We therefore investigated if occupational lifting and psychosocial job strain interact to affect foetal growth and gestational length. We hypothesised that heavy lifting and high job strain would increase the risk of impacted foetal growth (small or large for gestational age) and preterm birth.

Long weekly working hours and ischaemic heart disease: a follow-up study among 145 861 randomly selected workers in Denmark.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to test if incidences of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and usage of antihypertensive drugs are independent of weekly working hours (WWH) among full-time employees in Denmark.

Design And Participants: Data on WWH from participants of the Danish labour force surveys, 1999-2013, were linked on an individual level to national registers with data on socioeconomic status (SES), industry, emigrations, redeemed prescriptions, hospital contacts and deaths. Participants were followed until the end of 2014 (on average 7.

Risk of injury after evening and night work - findings from the Danish Working Hour Database.

Objectives Evening and night work have been associated with higher risk of injury than day work. However, previous findings may be affected by recall bias and unmeasured confounding from differences between day, evening and night workers. This study investigates whether evening and night work during the past week increases risk of injury when reducing recall bias and unmeasured confounding.

Payroll data based description of working hours in the Danish regions.

The aim was to describe the organization of working hours in the Danish regions according to sex, age and calendar year. Based on the Danish Working Hour Database (DWHD), individuals were classified according to schedules: Permanent day (57.8%), evening (1.