The social lives of point-of-care tests in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-ethnography.

Point-of-care tests (POCTs) have become technological solutions for many global health challenges. This meta-ethnography examines what has been learned about the 'social lives' of POCTs from in-depth qualitative research, highlighting key social considerations for policymakers, funders, developers and users in the design, development and deployment of POCTs. We screened qualitative research examining POCTs in low- and middle-income countries and selected 13 papers for synthesis.

A pandemic of metrics.

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted critical attention to the performative power of metrics. We suggest that the existential capacities of metrics as a means of pandemic living warrant further consideration. We describe how the COVID-19 pandemic that came into existence as a public health and political event could only have occurred because of the anticipatory metrical practices that were used to transform SARS-COV-2 into a matter of global health concern.

Is qualitative social research in global health fulfilling its potential?: a systematic evidence mapping of research on point-of-care testing in low- and middle-income contexts.

Background: Qualitative social research has made valuable contributions to understanding technology-based interventions in global health. However, we have little evidence of who is carrying out this research, where, how, for what purpose, or the overall scope of this body of work. To address these questions, we undertook a systematic evidence mapping of one area of technology-focused research in global health, related to the development, deployment and use of point-of-care tests (POCTs) for low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis and Risk of Major Structural Birth Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To review and perform a meta-analysis of observational studies that examined associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and major structural birth defects.

Data Sources: Information sources included Google Scholar, BIOSIS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Designing a leadership and management training curriculum for undergraduate health professions students: Lessons from the University of Sierra Leone.

Leadership by health professionals is key in any health system, but health leadership training programmes are varied in their conceptualisation, learning objectives, and design. This paper describes an undergraduate leadership and management module for health students at the University of Sierra Leone and provides lessons from the design process. Our methods included an initial scoping review and qualitative study, followed by a co-design process of 10 workshops and 17 consultation meetings.

Editorial Commentary: Shoulder Remplissage Is a Beneficial Addition to Bankart or Glenoid Bone Loss Treatment: Stay on Track and Use Wisely.

In patients with on-track shoulder Hill-Sachs lesions, the addition of remplissage using a double-pulley technique to Bankart repair improves outcomes including residual apprehension and without loss of external rotation. A caveat is that measurement of both the Hill-Sachs lesion and glenoid bone loss may be inconsistent. A second caveat is that determination of the glenoid track can be affected by scapular positioning.

Exit, voice or neglect: Understanding the choices faced by doctors experiencing barriers to leading health system change through the case of Sierra Leone.

This paper presents a study from Sierra Leone that explored the experiences of doctors as they endeavored to improve the health care systems in which they worked. Twenty-eight interviews were conducted with doctors in Sierra Leone, complemented by long-standing experience of national health provision and research by the authors. Drawing on Hirschman's theory of '', the paper's framework analysis elaborates the doctor's career decisions and choices under systematic political and economic constraints, and in particular, the specter of retribution, including posting to undesirable jobs and withholding of salaries.

The Prevalence of Nonserious Events in a Cohort of Breastfed Infants.

Data on baseline rates of nonserious events in breastfed infants in the general population are sparse. This results in difficulty determining if there is an increase in infant nonserious events potentially due to prescription medication exposure through human milk. In this study, we determined the prevalence of nonserious events in infants consuming human milk whose mothers reported no exposure to any prescription medications, tobacco, or recreational drugs in the previous 14 days.

Associations of prenatal exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with preterm birth and small for gestational age infants among women with autoimmune disorders.

Purpose: Estimate associations between prenatal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) exposure and preterm birth and small for gestational age among women with autoimmune conditions.

Methods: Participants were enrolled in the MotherToBaby cohort and had an autoimmune disorder and singleton live birth >20 weeks gestation (n = 2007). We characterized self-reported NSAID exposure over gestation for timing, duration, and average daily dose.

Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga Versus Cognitive Processing Therapy for Women Veterans With PTSD Who Experienced Military Sexual Trauma: A Feasibility Study.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common sequela to military sexual trauma (MST) among women veterans. Yoga has shown promise in research examining its benefit for symptoms and sequela of PTSD.

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Trauma Center Trauma-Sensitive Yoga (TCTSY) for women veterans with PTSD related to MST.

Humanitarian inversions: COVID-19 as crisis.

COVID-19 is a multi-spectral crisis that has added an acute layer over a panoply of complex emergencies across the world. In the process, it has not only exposed actually-existing emergencies, but also exacerbated them as the global gaze has turned inward. As a crisis, COVID-19 straddles and challenges the boundaries between humanitarianism, development and global health - the frames and categories through which emergencies are so often understood and intervened upon.

Pills and prayers: a comparative qualitative study of community conceptualisations of pre-eclampsia and pluralistic care in Ethiopia, Haiti and Zimbabwe.

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of preventable maternal and perinatal deaths globally. While health inequities remain stark, removing financial or structural barriers to care does not necessarily improve uptake of life-saving treatment. Building on existing literature elaborating the sociocultural contexts that shape behaviours around pregnancy and childbirth can identify nuanced influences relating to pre-eclampsia care.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography for Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: With recent improvements in transducer strength, image resolution, and operator training, ultrasound (US) provides an excellent alternative imaging modality for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of US for partial- and full-thickness rotator cuff tears and biceps tendon tears, compare diagnostic values with those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using arthroscopy as the reference standard, assess longitudinal improvements in accuracy, and compare diagnostic values from operators with different training backgrounds.

Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Job satisfaction among healthcare workers in Ghana and Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic: Role of perceived preparedness, stress, and burnout.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected job satisfaction among healthcare workers; yet this has not been empirically examined in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We addressed this gap by examining job satisfaction and associated factors among healthcare workers in Ghana and Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional study with healthcare workers (N = 1012).

Imperfect diagnosis: The truncated legacies of Zika testing.

When the Zika virus burst onto the international scene in the second half of 2015, the development of diagnostic tools was seen as an urgent global health priority. Diagnostic capacity was restricted to a small number of reference laboratories, and none of the few available molecular or serological tests had been validated for extensive use in an outbreak setting. In the early weeks of the crisis, key funders stepped in to accelerate research and development efforts, and the WHO took responsibility for steering diagnostic standardization, a role it had successfully played during the West Africa Ebola virus outbreak.

To bend without breaking: a qualitative study on leadership by doctors in Sierra Leone.

Strong leadership capabilities are essential for effective health services, yet definitions of leadership remain contested. Despite the acknowledged contextual specificity of leadership styles, most leadership theories draw heavily from Western conceptualizations. This cultural bias may attenuate the effectiveness of programmes intended to transform healthcare practice in Sub-Saharan Africa, where few empirical studies on health leadership have been conducted.

Hybrid mosquitoes? Evidence from rural Tanzania on how local communities conceptualize and respond to modified mosquitoes as a tool for malaria control.

Background: Different forms of mosquito modifications are being considered as potential high-impact and low-cost tools for future malaria control in Africa. Although still under evaluation, the eventual success of these technologies will require high-level public acceptance. Understanding prevailing community perceptions of mosquito modification is, therefore, crucial for effective design and implementation of these interventions.

Addressing key gaps in implementation of mosquito larviciding to accelerate malaria vector control in southern Tanzania: results of a stakeholder engagement process in local district councils.

Background: Larval source management was historically one of the most effective malaria control methods but is now widely deprioritized in Africa, where insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are preferred. However, in Tanzania, following initial successes in urban Dar-es-Salaam starting early-2000s, the government now encourages larviciding in both rural and urban councils nationwide to complement other efforts; and a biolarvicide production-plant has been established outside the commercial capital. This study investigated key obstacles and opportunities relevant to effective rollout of larviciding for malaria control, with a focus on the meso-endemic region of Morogoro, southern Tanzania.