Older Adult Aerobic Capacity, Muscular Strength, Fitness and Body Composition After 20+ Years of Exercise Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Older adults (≥ 65 years) are recommended to participate in regular exercise to maintain health in late adulthood. The impact of long-term (20+ years) exercise training that align with the American College of Sports Medicine's (ACSM) recommended guidelines has not been evaluated for older adults. To address this, a systematic review and meta-analyses were performed regarding the effects of long-term exercise training on older adult aerobic capacity, muscular fitness, and body composition that meet the ACSM's recommendation for weekly training volume.

Can Maternal Exercise Prevent High-Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension in Children?

Leslie, Eric, Ann L. Gibson, Laura V. Gonzalez Bosc, Christine Mermier, Sean M.

Worth the Wait? Time Course of Supine Shifts in Body Water Compartments on Variables of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) reference values are based on supine assessments. Little is known regarding the effects of time course shifts in body water compartments after assuming a supine position. The aim of this study was to characterize these effects and provide recommendations regarding the optimal waiting time to perform BIA.

Could Orthostatic Stress Responses Predict Acute Mountain Sickness Susceptibility Prior to High Altitude Travel? A Pilot Study.

Bellovary, Bryanne N., Andrew D. Wells, Zachary J.

Self-Selected Walking Cadence after 16-Week Light-Intensity Physical Activity Intervention for Older Cancer Survivors.

In this secondary analysis of a light-intensity physical activity intervention, we hypothesized that older cancer survivors would self-select a faster walking cadence to meet their daily step goals. Average steps/day and free-living walking cadence were measured in 41 participants (age 69 ± 3.1 years) with an ActivPAL monitor worn 7 days pre- and post-intervention.

The Acute Physiological and Perceptual Responses Between Bodyweight and Treadmill Running High-Intensity Interval Exercises.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the acute physiological, perceptual, and enjoyment responses between bodyweight high-intensity interval exercise (BW-HIIE) and treadmill running high-intensity interval exercise HIIE (RUN-HIIE).

Methods: Twelve adults [age: 29.5 ± 5.

Can linear regression confirm VOmax was attained in middle-aged and older adults?

Purpose: Evaluate the efficacy of a regression method for identifying a VO plateau to confirm the attainment of VOmax compared to a verification trial in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Eleven men and ten women (age 61.0 ± 8.

Predictive model specific to young adults for estimating thoracic gas volume for air-displacement plethysmography.

Background: Thoracic gas volume either measured (mTGV) or predicted by the BodPod® (bpTGV) is used during air-displacement plethysmography to obtain a better estimate of percent body fat. Evidence suggests that bpTGV underestimates mTGV for young adults and this is especially evident for young males.

Aims: We developed, validated, and cross-validated a TGV prediction model (pTGV) for males and females 18-30 years of age to address this underestimation.

Efficacy of estimating VOmax with the Heart Rate Ratio Method in middle-aged and older adults.

Purpose: Investigate difference, agreement, and bias between maximal oxygen consumption (VOmax) measured by indirect calorimetry and the Heart Rate Ratio Method (HRRM) for estimating VOmax using measured and age-predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax) in a sample of middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Eleven men and nine women (age: 61.8 ± 8.

Effect of Predicted Versus Measured Thoracic Gas Volume on Body Fat Percentage in Young Adults.

The BodPod® (COSMED, Concord, CA) uses predicted (pTGV) or measured thoracic gas volume (mTGV) during estimations of percentage body fat (%BF). In young adults, there is inconsistent evidence on the variation between pTGV and mTGV, and the effect of sex as a potential covariate on this relationship is unknown. This study examined the difference between TGV assessments and its effect on %BF and potential sex differences that may impact this relationship.

Autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with body fat percentage.

Context: Numerous chronic conditions including obesity exhibit autophagic dysfunction. Association of immune cell autophagic marker regulation by body fat percentage (%BF) is unknown.

Objective: Investigate autophagy activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of adults with distinct %BFs and obesity-related circulating inflammatory markers.

New Multisite Bioelectrical Impedance Device Compared to Hydrostatic Weighing and Skinfold Body Fat Methods.

The purpose of this study was to compare the Skulpt Chisel™ to seven-site skinfold (SKF) and hydrostatic weighing (HW) body fat percentage (%BF) estimates. Twenty-six participants (aged 24 ± 4 years; BMI 23.1 ± 3.

Does heart rate response confirm the attainment of maximal oxygen uptake in adults 45 years and older?

Purpose: To test the efficacy of a plateau in heart rate (HR) as an effective indicator for confirming [Formula: see text]max attainment in a middle-aged to older sample.

Methods: Nine men and eleven women (age 60 ± 8.5 years, [Formula: see text]max 35.

Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Cognitive Function Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise training on cognitive performance and whether the changes are associated with alterations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation among patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Twenty (men: n = 15; women: n = 5) participants from an outpatient CR program were enrolled in the study. Each participant completed a cognitive performance test battery and a submaximal graded treadmill evaluation on separate occasions prior to and again upon completion of 18 individualized CR sessions.

Physical Fitness Evaluation of Career Urban and Wildland Firefighters.

Objective: Examine the physical fitness of career firefighters and compare their results to normative data and suggested standards for their profession.

Methods: Eighty firefighters completed a body composition analysis, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) test, and fitness testing battery, with results compared with normative value tables. Maximal aerobic capacity was correlated to fitness measures and differences between VO2max quartiles were examined.

Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Modulates Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation during Submaximal Exercise Testing in Cardiovascular Disease Patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation during incremental exercise is altered among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients who completed 6 weeks of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Nineteen (male = 14, female = 5; 65.5 ± 11.

Acute Aerobic Exercise Based Cognitive and Motor Priming: Practical Applications and Mechanisms.

Acute exercise stimulates brain regions involved in motor and cognitive processes. Recent research efforts have explored the benefits of aerobic exercise on brain health and cognitive functioning with positive results reported for both healthy and neurocognitively impaired individuals. Specifically, exercise positioned near therapeutic (both behavioral and physical) activities may enhance outcomes associated with treatment outcomes (e.

Comparison of Systolic Blood Pressure Measurements by Auscultation and Visual Manometer Needle Jump.

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate differences in systolic blood pressure measurements as obtained through auscultation and observation of the visual jump on the manometer.

Methods: Men (n = 21; 26.9 ± 7.

Telemedicine-Based Health Coaching Is Effective for Inducing Weight Loss and Improving Metabolic Markers.

Background: To assess the efficacy of health coaching (HC) delivered through videoconferencing (VC) to favorably change physical activity (PA), weight, and metabolic markers in adults with high body mass index (BMI).

Materials And Methods: Thirty adults (BMI ≥30 kg/m) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: VC, in-person (IP), or control group (CG). Participants received wireless watches and weight scales to sync with their personal smartphones; recorded data were wirelessly uploaded to a secure database.

Hemodynamic and metabolic responses to self-paced and ramp-graded exercise testing protocols.

Recent examinations have shown lower maximal oxygen consumption during traditional ramp (RAMP) compared with self-paced (SPV) graded exercise testing (GXT) attributed to differences in cardiac output. The current study examined the differences in hemodynamic and metabolic responses between RAMP and SPV during treadmill exercise. Sixteen recreationally trained men (aged23.

Nitrate-Containing Beetroot Juice Reduces Oxygen Consumption During Submaximal Exercise in Low but Not High Aerobically Fit Male Runners.

Purpose: to examine the effect of a 4-day NO3- loading protocol on the submaximal oxygen cost of both low fit and high fit participants at five different exercise intensities.

Methods: participants were initially assigned to a placebo (PL; negligible NO3-) or inorganic nitrate-rich (NR; 6.2 mmol nitrate/day) group; double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover.

Graded Exercise Testing Protocols for the Determination of VOmax: Historical Perspectives, Progress, and Future Considerations.

Graded exercise testing (GXT) is the most widely used assessment to examine the dynamic relationship between exercise and integrated physiological systems. The information from GXT can be applied across the spectrum of sport performance, occupational safety screening, research, and clinical diagnostics. The suitability of GXT to determine a valid maximal oxygen consumption (VOmax) has been under investigation for decades.

Intraindividual Variability in Test-Retest Air Displacement Plethysmography Measurements of Body Density for Men and Women.

Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a popular method for estimating body density (Db). Most ADP tests are performed once, with test-retest investigations scarce. Therefore, we investigated test-retest reliability of ADP.