Interviews with Indigenous Māori with type 1 diabetes using open-source automated insulin delivery in the CREATE randomised trial.

Purpose: Open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) is used by thousands of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but has unknown generalisability to marginalised ethnic groups. This study explored experiences of Indigenous Māori participants in the CREATE trial with use of an open-source AID system to identify enablers/barriers to health equity.

Methods: The CREATE randomised trial compared open-source AID (OpenAPS algorithm on an Android phone with a Bluetooth-connected pump) to sensor-augmented pump therapy.

Extended Use of an Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery System in Children and Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The 24-Week Continuation Phase Following the CREATE Randomized Controlled Trial.

To assess long-term efficacy and safety of open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) in children and adults (7-70 years) with type 1 diabetes. Both arms of a 24-week randomized controlled trial comparing open-source AID (OpenAPS algorithm within a modified version of AndroidAPS, preproduction DANA-i™ insulin pump, Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitor) with sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAPT), entered a 24-week continuation phase where the SAPT arm (termed SAPT-AID) crossed over to join the open-source AID arm (termed AID-AID). Most participants (69/94) used a preproduction YpsoPump insulin pump during the continuation phase.

Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) systems are used by many patients with type 1 diabetes. Data are needed on the efficacy and safety of an open-source AID system.

Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned patients with type 1 diabetes in a 1:1 ratio to use an open-source AID system or a sensor-augmented insulin pump (control).

Learning challenges of healthcare professionals supporting open-source automated insulin delivery.

Background: Open-source automated insulin delivery (AID) is a user-driven treatment modality used by thousands globally. Healthcare professionals' (HCPs) ability to support users of this technology is limited by a lack of knowledge of these systems.

Aims: To describe the challenges experienced by HCPs supporting participants' use of open-source automated insulin delivery in the Community deRivEd AuTomatEd insulin delivery (CREATE) study.

Effects of age, gender, BMI, and anatomical site on skin thickness in children and adults with diabetes.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and anatomical site on skin thickness in children and adults with diabetes.

Methods: We studied 103 otherwise healthy children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged 5-19 years, and 140 adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes aged 20-85 years. The thicknesses of both the dermis and subcutis were assessed using ultrasound with a linear array transducer, on abdominal and thigh skin.

Defining the ideal injection techniques when using 5-mm needles in children and adults.

Objective: We aimed to establish the ideal injection techniques using 5-mm needles to reliably inject insulin into the subcutaneous fat in both children and adults and to quantify the associated pain and leakage of the test medium.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 259 subjects (122 children/adolescents and 137 adults) were injected with sterile air corresponding to 20 IU insulin (200 microl) with 32-G 5-mm needles at 90 degrees or 45 degrees , in the abdomen and thigh, and with or without a pinched skin fold. Injection depth was assessed via ultrasonography.