Communicative capital: a key resource for human-machine shared agency and collaborative capacity.

In this work, we present a perspective on the role machine intelligence can play in supporting human abilities. In particular, we consider research in rehabilitation technologies such as prosthetic devices, as this domain requires tight coupling between human and machine. Taking an agent-based view of such devices, we propose that human-machine collaborations have a capacity to perform tasks which is a result of the combined agency of the human and the machine.

Developing novice analysts' videofluoroscopic swallowing study skills in speech-language pathology: A randomised control trial comparing blended and online training approaches.

Purpose: This research investigates the relative effectiveness of independent online and blended learning approaches for novice analysts' development of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) analytical skills. The secondary aims were to explore the impact of training on decision-making and to describe learners' perspectives of training outcomes.

Method: Undergraduate speech-language pathology students ( = 74) who had completed the dysphagia academic curriculum in an undergraduate speech-language pathology program were recruited for a randomised control trial.

Factors that influence development of speech pathology skills required for videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.

Background: Perceptual, cognitive and previous clinical experience may influence a novice Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) analyst's trajectory towards competency. Understanding these factors may allow trainees to be better prepared for VFSS training and may allow training to be developed to accommodate differences between trainees.

Aims: This study explored a range of factors previously suggested in the literature as influencing the development of novice analysts' VFSS skills.

Development of a Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale for E-cigarette Use.

Adolescent use of electronic cigarettes has risen dramatically, prompting concerns about the health effects. There is need for brief measures to assess adolescents' perceived threat and efficacy related to e-cigarette use and cessation. A 12-item Likert-type scale was modeled after the Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale and designed to assess threat (ie, severity and susceptibility of threat) and efficacy (ie, self-efficacy and response efficacy) as they relate to e-cigarette use.

Training for videofluoroscopic swallowing analysis: A systematic review.

Purpose: To synthesise the available evidence relating to best practice in training videofluoroscopy and barium swallow analysts.

Method: The review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017053744). Data were extracted from nine databases.

Exploring the Impact of Machine-Learned Predictions on Feedback from an Artificial Limb.

Learning to get by without an arm or hand can be very challenging, and existing prostheses do not yet fill the needs of individuals with amputations. One promising solution is to improve the feedback from the device to the user. Towards this end, we present a simple machine learning interface to supplement the control of a robotic limb with feedback to the user about what the limb will be experiencing in the near future.

Developing competent videofluoroscopic swallowing study analysts.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines the recent literature concerning the development of VFSS analysts.

Recent Findings: Face-to-face and blended methods of training improve reliability and accuracy of VFSS analysis. However, with the exception of the literature describing the MBSImP training, most studies investigate relatively brief training for specific VFSS rating tools.

Application of real-time machine learning to myoelectric prosthesis control: A case series in adaptive switching.

Background: Myoelectric prostheses currently used by amputees can be difficult to control. Machine learning, and in particular learned predictions about user intent, could help to reduce the time and cognitive load required by amputees while operating their prosthetic device.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to compare two switching-based methods of controlling a myoelectric arm: non-adaptive (or conventional) control and adaptive control (involving real-time prediction learning).

Foraging Strategies of Laysan Albatross Inferred from Stable Isotopes: Implications for Association with Fisheries.

Fatal entanglement in fishing gear is the leading cause of population decline for albatross globally, a consequence of attraction to bait and fishery discards of commercial fishing operations. We investigated foraging strategies of Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis), as inferred from nitrogen and carbon isotope values of primary feathers, to determine breeding-related, seasonal, and historic factors that may affect the likelihood of association with Alaskan or Hawaiian longline fisheries. Feather samples were collected from live birds monitored for breeding status and breeding success on Midway Atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, birds salvaged as fisheries-bycatch, and birds added to museum collections before 1924.

Low adherence to secondary prophylaxis among clients diagnosed with rheumatic fever, Jamaica.

Objectives: To determine the level of adherence and possible barriers to secondary prophylaxis among clients with rheumatic fever in Kingston, Jamaica.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 39 clients diagnosed with rheumatic fever, receiving penicillin prophylaxis for more than a year using a 22-item self-administered questionnaire on adherence to secondary prophylaxis and knowledge of rheumatic fever. The patients' records were reviewed to determine the number of prophylaxis injections the patients received for the year 2010.

An investigation of state population characteristics that moderate the relationship of state seat belt law and use in the United States.

Objectives: Primary enforcement laws have been shown to be effective methods for increasing seat belt use at the state level.

Method: This study investigates state differences in the effectiveness of primary enforcement laws by assessing whether a state's academic achievement, health ranking, economic prosperity, violent crime rates, government effectiveness, gender distribution, or proportion of rural roads moderate the relationship between those laws and seat belt compliance rates.

Results: Aggregate state-level academic achievement, health ranking, government effectiveness, and proportion of rural roads uniquely moderated the seat belt use differences between primary and secondary enforcement states.

Attributes of excellence in practice educators: the perspectives of Australian occupational therapy students.

Aim: Occupational therapists frequently undertake the role of practice educator contributing to the development of the future workforce, however, little is known about how they effectively perform this role. This study aimed to elucidate students' perspectives on what makes an excellent practice educator.

Method: Documentation for 124 Practice Excellence Commendations nominations by Queensland occupational therapy students for Queensland Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Collaborative awards between 2008 and 2011 were analysed.

An enclosed in-gel PCR amplification cassette with multi-target, multi-sample detection for platform molecular diagnostics.

This work describes a self-contained, simple, disposable, and inexpensive gel capillary cassette for DNA amplification in near point of care settings. The cassette avoids the need for pumps or valves during raw sample delivery or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification steps. The cassette contains capillary reaction units that can be stored at room temperature for up to 3 months.

A miniaturized and integrated gel post platform for multiparameter PCR detection of herpes simplex viruses from raw genital swabs.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most prevalent viruses, with acute and recurrent infections in humans. The current gold standard for the diagnosis of HSV is viral culture which takes 2-14 days and has low sensitivity. In contrast, DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be performed within 1-2 h.

Ann's perfect pitch. Interview by Elizabeth Lynch.

When local teams would not offer her client a place, mental health nurse Ann Edwards set up her own. Now 90 players are reaping the benefits.

Increasing the occupational therapy mental health workforce through innovative practice education: a pilot project.

Aim: This paper describes the evaluation of a pilot trial of two innovative placement models in the area of mental health, namely role emerging and collaborative supervision. The Queensland Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Collaborative conducted this trial in response to workforce shortages in mental health.

Method: Six occupational therapy students and eight practice educators were surveyed pre- and post-placements regarding implementation of these innovative models.

Obesity is associated with atypia in breast ductal lavage of women with proliferative breast disease.

Background: Benign proliferative breast disease without atypia slightly increases breast cancer risk but there are currently few clinical options for breast cancer prevention in this group of women.

Methods: We conducted a pilot study of women with a past diagnosis of proliferative breast disease with a goal to determine if the characteristics of cells obtained by breast ductal lavage were related to nutritional factors.

Results: There were 57 women who enrolled.

Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid cocaine dependence.

In this 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate (MTP) versus placebo in 48 cocaine-dependent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adults, the authors sought to determine whether MTP would be safe, control ADHD symptoms, and affect cocaine use. Efficacy indexes revealed significantly greater ADHD symptom relief in the MTP group. There were no group differences in self-reported cocaine use, urinalysis results, or cocaine craving.

Orientation distributions for cytochrome c on polar and nonpolar interfaces by total internal reflection fluorescence.

The formation of chemisorbed monolayers of yeast cytochrome c on both uncharged polar and nonpolar soft surfaces of organic self-assembled monolayers (SAM) on solid inorganic substrates was followed in situ by polarized total internal reflection fluorescence. Two types of nonpolar surfaces and one type of uncharged polar surface were used. The first type of nonpolar surface contained only thiol endgroups, while the other was composed of a mixture of thiol and methyl endgroups.