Rice Consumption and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin in a United States Population.

Background: Rice contains arsenic, a known skin carcinogen. Rice intake has been associated with arsenic-related skin lesions in South Asia, but its association with skin cancers is as yet unknown.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether rice intake contributes to urinary arsenic concentration and risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin in a U.

Skin microtopography as a measure of photoaging and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in a US population.

Background: Skin microtopography as a measure of photoaging is a noninvasive approach to measuring chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure and reflects the degree of dermal elastosis in populations of European descent in the subtropics. Less is known about the utility of this approach in populations at different latitudes, and whether it relates to skin cancer risk.

Methods: A population-based case-control study of 342 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases and 331 age- and gender-matched controls were evaluated for histologic evidence of solar damage and severity of photoaging based on microtopography on a six-grade scale.

Sex hormones and the risk of keratinocyte cancers among women in the United States: A population-based case-control study.

Men are at a higher risk of developing both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) than women, but there is emerging evidence that women may be experiencing greater increases in the incidence rates of these malignancies than men. One possible explanation is the expanding use of sex steroids among women, although only a few studies have examined this hypothesis. As part of a population-based, case-control study of women in New Hampshire, USA, we sought to evaluate the risk of SCC, BCC, and early-onset BCC in relation to exogenous and endogenous sex hormones.

Prospective Study of Human Polyomaviruses and Risk of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the United States.

Background: Merkel cell polyomavirus (PyV) is causally related to Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare skin malignancy. Little is known about the serostability of other PyVs over time or associations with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: As part of a U.

Human polyomaviruses and incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the New Hampshire skin cancer study.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a malignancy arising from epithelial keratinocytes. Experimental and epidemiologic evidence raise the possibility that human polyomaviruses (PyV) may be associated with the occurrence of SCC. To investigate whether the risk for SCC was associated with PyV infection, seropositivity to 10 PyV types was assessed following diagnosis in a population-based case-control study conducted in the United States.

Skin Cancer Risk Is Modified by KIR/HLA Interactions That Influence the Activation of Natural Killer Immune Cells.

Natural killer (NK)-cell phenotype is partially mediated through binding of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) with HLA class I ligands. The KIR gene family is highly polymorphic and not well captured by standard genome-wide association study approaches. Here, we tested the hypothesis that variations in KIR gene content combined with HLA class I ligand status is associated with keratinocyte skin cancers using a population-based study of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).

The many masks of cutaneous Lyme disease.

Early cutaneous Lyme disease, erythema migrans, may show different histopathologic patterns. The intent of this case series is to raise awareness of these findings to prevent misdiagnosis and keep this entity in the differential. Erythema migrans develops after a tick bite and subsequent infection with the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi.

Frequency of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) invasion in transected SCC in situ referred for Mohs surgery: the Dartmouth-Hitchcock experience.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in situ may be transected in a superficial biopsy, which makes it difficult to distinguish between in situ and invasive carcinoma. This study investigated the frequency of invasive SCC in transected SCC in situ referred for Mohs surgery.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify subjects with biopsy-proven, transected SCC in situ referred for Mohs surgery.

History of allergy and atopic dermatitis in relation to squamous cell and Basal cell carcinoma of the skin.

Background: Little is known about whether history of allergies and atopy is related to the occurrence of keratinocyte cancers. Thus, we evaluated the association between history of allergies and atopy and the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and early onset basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

Methods: As part of a population-based case-control study, interviews were conducted with 1,050 residents of New Hampshire (375 early onset BCC cases and 251 controls, 254 SCC cases and 432 controls).

Early-onset basal cell carcinoma and indoor tanning: a population-based study.

Objective: Indoor tanning with UV radiation-emitting lamps is common among adolescents and young adults. Rising incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have been reported for the United States and elsewhere, particularly among those diagnosed at younger ages. Recent epidemiologic studies have raised concerns that indoor tanning may be contributing to early occurrence of BCC, and younger people may be especially vulnerable to cancer risk associated with this exposure.

Combined blue nevus-smooth muscle hamartoma: a series of 12 cases.

Background: One of the most common types of combined melanocytic nevus is that of a blue nevus with ordinary melanocytic nevus. Blue nevi have also been described in association with non-melanocytic cell types, such as those of neural or mesenchymal derivation. Although there are rare descriptions in the literature of blue nevi with myomatous structures, the specific association of combined blue nevi with smooth muscle hyperplasia has not been reported

Methods: We review the clinicopathological features of 12 cases of combined blue nevi with smooth muscle hyperplasia.

A population-based case-control study of urinary arsenic species and squamous cell carcinoma in New Hampshire, USA.

Background: Chronic high arsenic exposure is associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, and inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolites may play an important role in this association. However, little is known about the carcinogenicity of arsenic at levels commonly observed in the United States.

Objective: We estimated associations between total urinary arsenic and arsenic species and SCC in a U.

Cutaneous alpha, beta and gamma human papillomaviruses in relation to squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: a population-based study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common worldwide and, in immunodeficient populations, may contribute to the pathogenesis of keratinocyte cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). However, their role in SCC in the general population is less clear. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to investigate the independent effects of seropositivity for cutaneous alpha, beta and gamma HPV types on risk of SCC, and a meta-analysis of the available literature.

Photosensitizing agents and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer: a population-based case-control study.

It is well-known that UV light exposure and a sun-sensitive phenotype are risk factors for the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this New Hampshire population-based case-control study, we collected data from 5,072 individuals, including histologically confirmed cases of BCC and SCC, and controls via a personal interview to investigate possible associations between photosensitizing medication use and NMSC. After adjustment for potentially confounding factors (e.

Genetic determinants of UV-susceptibility in non-melanoma skin cancer.

A milieu of cytokines and signaling molecules are involved in the induction of UV-induced immune suppression and thus the etiology of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Targeting the UV-induced immunosuppression pathway, and using a large population based study of NMSC, we have investigated the risk associated with functional variants in 10 genes (IL10, IL4, IL4R, TNF, TNFR2, HTR2A, HRH2, IL12B, PTGS2, and HAL). The most prominent single genetic effect was observed for IL10.

Analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use in relation to nonmelanoma skin cancer: a population-based case-control study.

Background: Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are potentially chemopreventive.

Objective: We examined the relation between NSAID use and nonmelanoma skin cancer in a population-based case-control study.

Methods: NSAID and analgesic use was analyzed in 1484 participants: 535 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 487 with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 462 control subjects.

The role of TP53 and MDM2 polymorphisms in TP53 mutagenesis and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer.

P53 is a key regulatory molecule in the cellular response to ultraviolet radiation, and TP53 mutation is the most common alteration in non-melanoma skin cancer. The MDM2 oncogene negatively regulates p53 protein levels, and both genes have functional polymorphisms that may modify skin cancer risk. Furthermore, prior research suggests that TP53 mutations preferentially occur on the arginine allele to selectively inactivate the p63 pathway.

Genus beta human papillomaviruses and incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of skin: population based case-control study.

Objective: To investigate the association between genus beta human papillomaviruses and the incidence of non-melanocytic skin cancer in the general population.

Design: Population based case-control study.

Setting: New Hampshire, USA.

Acute lymphocytic leukemia presenting as an isolated scalp nodule in an infant.

We describe the presentation and management of a patient referred for a presumed benign scalp lesion in infancy. The subcutaneous nodule was ultimately diagnosed as the first manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We review leukemia cutis with special emphasis on the differential diagnosis of scalp nodules in infancy that may be encountered by the plastic surgeon.

CTLA4 variants, UV-induced tolerance, and risk of non-melanoma skin cancer.

Although skin tumors are highly immunogenic, exposure to UV radiation is known to suppress immune responses via regulatory T cells. Specifically, the activity of cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is integral in regulating the development of UV-induced tolerance and, concomitantly, skin cancers. Due to the inverse relationship between tumor surveillance and autoimmunity, we hypothesize that the same genetic variant in the CTLA4 locus that increases risk for autoimmune diseases is associated with decreased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).

A role for ultraviolet radiation immunosuppression in non-melanoma skin cancer as evidenced by gene-environment interactions.

The genotoxic effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation are well-known causes of skin cancers; however, UV radiation also suppresses the immune system, decreasing the body's surveillance for tumor cells. In experimental systems, UV radiation immunosuppression is at least partially mediated through urocanic acid (UCA), an UV radiation-absorbing molecule in the stratum corneum. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in the histidase gene (HAL), which catalyzes the formation of UCA in the skin, modifies risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a population-based study (914 BCC, 702 SCC and 848 controls).