Putting evidence into practice: evidence-based interventions for cancer-related dyspnea.

Despite the common occurrence of cancer-related dyspnea, a paucity of literature is available for review, especially research literature that reports interventions to control dyspnea. The Oncology Nursing Society's Putting Evidence Into Practice (PEP) initiative organized a team on nurses to examine the literature, rank the evidence, summarize the findings, and make recommendations for nursing practice to improve patient outcomes. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic agents have been used to treat dyspnea.