A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Intratympanic Gentamicin with Methylprednisolone in Meniere's Disease with Good Hearing.

Unlabelled: A randomized prospective parallel group trial was done to compare the efficacy of intratympanic low dose gentamicin with methylprednisolone in treating intractable unilateral Meniere's disease with serviceable hearing.

Study Design: Randomised prospective parallel group trial.

Setting: Tertiary care centre in South India.

Recurrent Meningitis in a Non-user Cochlear Implantee.

Meningitis is a known complication in patients with inner ear malformations. Here we present a case of recurrent meningitis following cochlear implantation, in a patient with cochleovestibular anomaly. Good knowledge in radiology to identify the inner ear malformations, presence of cochlea and cochlear nerve is essential before planning cochlear implantation and meningitis can occur several decades after cochlear implantation.

Probable trauma associated sleep disorder in post-9/11 US Veterans.

Study Objectives: The purpose of this study was to (1) estimate trauma associated sleep disorder (TASD) prevalence among post-9/11 era veterans and to describe differences in service and comorbid mental health clinical characteristics among individuals with and without probable TASD, and (2) estimate TASD prevalence and characteristics of reported traumatic experiences stratified by sex.

Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the post-deployment mental health study of post-9/11 veterans, which enrolled and collected baseline data from 2005 to 2018. We classified veterans as having probable TASD using self-reported measures: traumatic experiences from the traumatic life events questionnaire (TLEQ) and items from the Pittsburgh sleep quality index with Addendum for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mapped to TASD diagnostic criteria and ascertained mental health diagnoses (PTSD, major depressive disorder [MDD]) via Structured Clinical Interview for .

Nightmares: an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Study Objectives: Prior work has established associations between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), disrupted sleep, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but few studies have examined health correlates of nightmares beyond risks conferred by PTSD. This study examined associations between nightmares and CVD in military veterans.

Methods: Participants were veterans (N = 3468; 77% male) serving since September 11, 2001, aged 38 years (SD = 10.

Nonrapid Eye Movement Parasomnias.

Non-REM parasomnias are often observed during childhood and adolescence, by which time they typically remit. For a small percentage, these nocturnal behaviors can persist into adulthood, or in some cases, present as a new onset in adults. Non-REM parasomnias (also known as disorders of arousal) can offer a diagnostic challenge in patients who have an atypical presentation where REM sleep parasomnias, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and overlap parasomnia should be considered as part of the differential.

MRI of Recurrent Fistula-in-Ano: Is it Different from Treatment-Naïve Fistula-in-Ano and How Does it Correlate with Anal Sphincter Morphology?

 The main aim of this study was to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of recurrent and treatment-naïve fistula-in-ano and to correlate imaging findings with anal sphincter morphology in recurrent fistula-in-ano.  This is a retrospective study of adult patients who underwent MRI for suspected fistula-in-ano in 2018. After excluding patients with alternative diagnosis, patients were stratified into recurrent (  = 103) and treatment-naïve (  = 106) fistula-in-ano groups.

Etiopathology and Prevalence of Pulsatile Tinnitus in a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital.

The diverse etiopathogenesis of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) makes it a difficult condition to diagnose and treat. To describe the clinical features, investigations and diagnosis of patients presenting with pulsatile tinnitus (PT). Retrospective chart review in an otology unit of a tertiary care referral centre.

Cochlear Implant in Klippel-Feil Syndrome: Challenges and Concerns.

Cochlear implantation (CI) can be safely performed in patients with syndromic hearing loss. Here we present a case of CI in a child with Klippel-Feil syndrome with various skeletal, extraskeletal, cochleovestibular and Arnold-Chiari malformations. Multidisciplinary approach and good preoperative imaging play a key role in planning for surgery.

An Effective Home-Based Particle Repositioning Procedure for Posterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV).

Patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) find it difficult to visit the hospital many times for a standard Epley's maneuver performed only by a specialist. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a home-based particle repositioning procedure (HBPRP) with the standard Epley's maneuver in treating patients with posterior canal BPPV. A prospective non-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted.

Dimensions of the Posterior Tympanotomy and Round Window Visibility Through the Facial Recess: Cadaveric Temporal Bone Study Using a Novel Digital Microscope.

To measure the width of the posterior tympanotomy in cadaveric temporal bones using the digital microscope and classify the round window visibility through it. In 17 cadaveric wet adult temporal bones, cortical mastoidectomy followed by posterior tympanotomy was performed, delineating the facial and chorda tympani nerves. Antero-posterior width of the facial recess was measured at the levels of oval window and round window with the help of a digital microscope and its software.

A Comparative Study of Outcomes and Quality of Life in Canal Wall up Mastoidectomies and Canal Wall down Mastoidectomies.

Abstract: Chronic Otitis Media (COM) of the squamosal type was primarily managed by performing a canal wall down mastoidectomy; however, the latter era otolaryngologist envisioned benefits in preserving the posterior canal wall. Our primary objective was to assess the disease specific quality of life following canal wall up (CWU) mastoidectomy and canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy surgery after a 6 month post-operative period. A prospective observational study was done from September 2017 to August 2018 where the charts of 380 patients from Christian Medical College, Vellore were reviewed.

Prevalence, clinical profile, and diagnosis of pediatric dizziness in a tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: Pediatric dizziness is an uncommon complaint presenting to the Otolaryngology clinic. While the term dizziness may be used to describe any altered sensation of orientation to the environment which includes presyncope, light-headedness and ataxia, vertigo refers to a false sensation of motion of self or surroundings. Although a variety of etiologies are known to cause dizziness and vertigo, evaluation of this symptom becomes challenging in children who are unable to clearly explain what they experience, the provoking factors, associated symptoms and the duration of attacks.

Standard Programming of Retrograde Electrode Insertion via Middle-Turn Cochleostomy in Labyrinthitis Ossificans.

Successful cochlear implantation in the setting of labyrinthitis ossificans is challenging. Various surgical techniques are described to circumvent the region of ossification and retrograde insertion of the electrode array is one such option. While reverse programming is often recommended in the case of retrograde electrode insertion, we present our experience of retrograde electrode insertion for labyrinthitis ossificans, where standard programming was adopted due to patient preference and provided satisfactory outcomes.

Audiological Profile in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Setting and its Clinical Implications.

This study aims to assess the frequency and the profile of hearing loss among patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome in a tertiary care hospital in India and to look for an association between hearing loss and immunological parameters (anti-SSA antibody, anti-SSB antibody, anticardiolipin antibodies, complements C3 and C4). This prospective observational study was done from January 2011 to October 2011 on consecutive patients diagnosed with primary Sjögren's syndrome in our tertiary care hospital. All patients underwent a puretone audiogram, tympanogram and acoustic reflex testing.

Subjective Visual Vertical and Horizontal in Vestibular Migraine.

Objective: To assess the functional status of the otolithic pathway in vestibular migraine by comparing the results of static and dynamic subjective visual vertical and horizontal [subjective visual vertical (SVV) and subjective visual horizontal (SVH)] testing in patients with vestibular migraine with that of normal individuals.

Materials And Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was conducted in 82 normal adults and 66 adults with vestibular migraine. The SVV and SVH angles were measured under static and dynamic conditions using a software-based test protocol.

Assessment of auditory and psychosocial handicap associated with unilateral hearing loss among Indian patients.

In order to assess psychosocial and auditory handicap in Indian patients with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL), a prospective study was conducted on 50 adults with USNHL in the ENT Outpatient clinic of a tertiary care centre. The hearing handicap inventory for adults (HHIA) as well as speech in noise and sound localization tests were administered to patients with USNHL. An equal number of age-matched, normal controls also underwent the speech and sound localization tests.

Neonatal hearing screening--experience from a tertiary care hospital in southern India.

Objective: To implement a neonatal hearing screening program using automated auditory brainstem response audiometry in a tertiary care set-up and assess the prevalence of neonatal hearing loss.

Design: Descriptive study.

Setting: Tertiary care hospital in Southern India.

Flunarizine in the prophylaxis of migrainous vertigo: a randomized controlled trial.

Migrainous vertigo is a common cause of dizziness presenting to an otorhinolaryngology/otoneurology clinic. Although it causes a substantial burden to the individual and society there are no randomized controlled trails on prophylactic medication for this condition. Flunarizine, a calcium channel blocker has been used effectively in both migraine and vestibular conditions.

Effect of gender on late-onset multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the incidence and disease course of late-onset multiple sclerosis (LOMS) compared with adult-onset MS (AOMS) in our clinic cohort, stratified based on gender and race, since both have been reported as important modifiers of disease outcomes in MS.

Methods: Patients with LOMS and AOMS were compared in terms of demographic characteristics and disease course characteristics. Combined effects were investigated with a logistic regression model.

Radioiodinated agents for imaging multidrug resistant tumors.

Diagnostic agents enabling characterization of multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumors can aid in the selection of chemotherapy regimens. We report here synthesis and evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals based on the second-generation MDR-reversing drug MS-209. 5-[3-{4-(2-Phenyl-2-(4'-[(125)I]iodo-phenyl)acetyl)piperazin-1-yl}-2-hydroxypropoxy]quino-line (17) was prepared from the 4'-tributylstannyl precursor (16) in >95% radiochemical yield.