Comparative assessment of changes in pharyngeal airway space in cases of obstructive sleep apnoea with a customized mandibular repositioning appliance - a clinical study.

Objectives: The present study aims at evaluating the effects of a customized mandibular repositioning appliance on the pharyngeal airway, nocturnal sleep patterns, daytime discomfort and occlusal changes in established cases of adult obstructive sleep apnoea.

Material And Methods: Ten consecutive patients with a complaint of snoring and disturbed sleep were included in the study. The primary diagnosis was established by the Epworth sleepiness scale, clinical examination, history and subsequently the diagnosis was substantiated through assessment of the pharyngeal airway space on a lateral cephalogram and polysomnography.

Orthodontic retention to have and to hold.

Data sourcesCochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, US National Institutes of Health Trials Registry and The World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Trials Registry Platform, abstracts from the British Orthodontic Conference, the European Orthodontic Conference and the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) from 2011 to 2015 and the bibliographies of identified studies.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving children and adults who had had retainers fitted or adjunctive procedures undertaken to prevent relapse following orthodontic treatment with braces were considered.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently selected studies, abstracted data and assessed study quality.

Hawley or vacuum-formed retainers following orthodontic treatment?

Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, LILACS. In addition, Pro-Quest Dissertation and Thesis database and Pro-Quest Science Journals. Hand searches were also carried out in American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Angle Orthodontist, European Journal of Orthodontics and Journal of Orthodontics.

Early orthodontic treatment reduced incisal trauma in children with class II malocclusions.

Data Sources: The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline and Embase.

Study Selection: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of orthodontic treatments (either one- or two-phase) with any type of orthodontic braces (removable, fixed, functional) or head-braces compared with late treatment with any type of orthodontic braces or head-braces; or, on any type of orthodontic braces or head-braces compared with no treatment or another type of orthodontic brace or appliance to correct prominent upper front teeth.

Data Extraction And Synthesis: Study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were carried out independently by at least two reviewers.

Lack of reliable evidence of the effectiveness of remineralising agents for the treatment of post orthodontic white spot lesions.

Data Sources: PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases were searched.

Study Selection: Selection was conducted independently by two reviewers, only randomised controlled trials were included. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias approach.

Co-axial computed tomography for optimizing orthodontic miniscrew implant size and site of placement.

Purpose: Absolute anchorage has been a critical aspect in orthodontics. Quantity and quality is a critical factor MSI placement. The present study was designed using a spiral computed tomography to assess the bone availability and clinically assess the optimized position and site for MSI placement in the posterior region.

Miniscrew design and bone response: defining a correlation.

Aim: This prospective clinical trial aims at correlating miniscrew implant (MSI) micro/macro architecture, the method of placement, and biologic markers in peri-MSI crevicular fluid (PMICF) as indicators of bone response. A comparative evaluation of surface morphology of the MSIs before placement and after retrieval defines a correlation between the architecture of the MSIs and the bone- implant contact ratio.

Methods: Two types of MSIs (hybrid and cylindric) were placed in ten patients using a split-mouth technique with the aid of a restricted random number table.

Gingival recession and labial movement of lower incisors.

Data Sources: Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and reference lists of articles meeting the inclusion criteria.

Study Selection: To be included, the studies had to be clinical trials with multiple cases, looking at orthodontic treatment involving labial movement of lower incisors and gingival recession in these teeth.

Data Extraction And Synthesis: Two authors reviewed all abstracts independently, compared results and reached consensus on inclusion/exclusion through discussion.

Evidence that of orthodontics improves long term psychological well being lacking.

Design: Cohort study.

Exposure: Children who were examined in 1988/1989 were invited to a follow-up in 2005/2006. Respondents completed a questionnaire, which collected information on quality of life, receipt of orthodontic treatment and psychosocial factors, and were invited for a clinical examination.

Orthognathic treatment and temporomandibular disorders - part 2.

Data Sources: Medline, bibliographies and reference lists of identified publications and reviews, and personal communications with experts and specialists.

Study Selection: Randomised controlled trials (RCT), cohort studies and case-control studies were included if participants (of age 14 years or over) received orthognathic treatment. Studies were excluded if participants had either craniofacial syndromes or cleft lip or palate; a history of facial fractures from trauma; were undergoing orthognathic surgery purely to correct TMD; or orthognathic treatment and concomitant joint disc surgery; or, finally, if they were animal studies.

Orthognathic treatment and temporomandibular disorders - part 1.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, bibliographies, and reference lists of identified publications and reviews, were utilised, along with personal communications with experts and specialists.

Study Selection: Randomised controlled trials (RCT), cohort studies and case-control studies were included if participants (of age 14 years or over) received orthognathic treatment. Studies were excluded if participants had either craniofacial syndromes or cleft lip or palate; a history of facial fractures from trauma; were undergoing orthognathic surgery purely to correct TMD; or orthognathic treatment and concomitant joint disc surgery; or, finally, if they were animal studies.

Redefining orthodontic space closure: sequential repetitive loading of the periodontal ligament--a clinical study.

Aims: To assess the rate of tooth movement, anchorage loss, root resorption, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a marker for bone remodeling during orthodontic space closure using two different mechanisms.

Methods: Space closure was completed in 20 patients with extraction of all 4 premolars. Lateral cephalograms and radio-visiographs taken before (T1) and after (T2) space closure were assessed for anchorage loss and root resorption.

Crown angulation and inclination of Northern Thais with good occlusion.

When patients of differing ethnicities are treated with one bracket system, negative consequences for the occlusion can result. This study investigated the crown angulation and inclination on study casts of 60 Northern Thais (30 males and 30 females) with a good occlusion. In all study casts, each tooth (except the third molars) was evaluated with the orthodontic Torque Angulation Device (TAD) twice on the right side; this was also performed twice on the left side.

Oral health promotion programmes during orthodontic treatment beneficial.

Data Sources: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline and Embase databases were searched. A hand search was made of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, (British) Journal of Orthodontics, European Journal of Orthodontics and Angle Orthodontist, Google Scholar and the reference lists of relevant articles.

Study Selection: Only randomised controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-randomised controlled clinical trials (CCT), which specifically stated that they assessed reductions in dental plaque levels and/ or gingival bleeding when comparing oral health promotion (OHP) interventions, were included.

Soft tissue changes associated with first premolar extractions in adult females.

Background: The potential for premolar extractions to produce changes in the soft tissue profile after orthodontic treatment is controversial.

Aim: To evaluate the soft tissue changes associated with four first premolar extractions in adult females of South Indian ethnicity.

Method: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 30 adult female patients of South Indian ethnicity with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, requiring premolar extractions as a part of their orthodontic treatment, were used.

Medication and tooth movement.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Biosis were used to search for relevant material, along with the reference lists of retrieved articles.

Study Selection: Both animal and clinical studies were included if they met the following criteria: they had study and control groups of at least five subjects each; used drugs or supplements with known effects on bone physiology; recorded drug dose and administration; gave details of the application of the forces used for tooth movement; described the technique used to measure the rate of tooth movement; and presented a statistical analysis of the results of the study.

Data Extraction And Synthesis: A formal data extraction process is not described.

Soft-tissue cephalometric norms in a South Indian ethnic population.

Introduction: An esthetically pleasing smile is a key determinant of successful orthodontic treatment and patient satisfaction. The great variance in soft-tissue drape of the human face complicates accurate assessment of the soft-tissue profile. Variability is also characteristic of different faces and facial types, and normative data based on 1 population group do not represent all.

Is anchorage reinforcement with implants effective in orthodontics?

Data Sources: The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline and Embase were searched. No language restrictions were applied. Authors were identified and contacted to identify unpublished trials.

Space closure using the Hycon device. A case report.

Background: Space closure can be a difficult and uncomfortable procedure. Appliances able to be activated by the patient may reduce the number of visits for adjustment.

Objective: To describe the closure of spaces with the Hycon device, an intra-oral screw that can be activated by the patient.

Can I intrude?

Data Sources: Studies were identified using Medline, PubMed, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, all evidence-based medicine reviews (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ACP (American College of Physicians) Journal Club, Database of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE) and CCTR (Cochrane Controlled Trials Register), Embase, Web of Science and LILACS(Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences).

Study Selection: Studies included were clinical trials in humans where the intrusion of permanent incisors was determined using cephalometric radiograph superimpositions.

Data Extraction And Synthesis: A qualitative synthesis of all included studies was conducted, along with a fixed-effects meta-analysis of two studies that employed the same treatment method.

What is the most effective adhesive for attaching orthodontic bands?

Data Sources: The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline and Embase were used and a search of the internet also undertaken. There was no restriction with regard to publication status or language of publication.

Study Selection: Randomised controlled trials (RCT) and controlled clinical trials (CCT), including split-mouth studies, of adhesives used to attach orthodontic bands to molar teeth were selected.