Enhanced mucoadhesive properties of ionically cross-linked thiolated gellan gum films.

Localized oral drug delivery offers several advantages for treating various disease conditions. However, drug retention at the disease site within the oral cavity is indeed a significant challenge due to the dynamic oral environment. The present study aimed to develop a mucoadhesive inner layer for a three-layer mucoadhesive bandage suitable for localized oral drug delivery.

Nosocomial Infections and Role of Nanotechnology.

Nosocomial infections, termed hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), are acquired from a healthcare or hospital setting. HAI is mainly caused by bacteria, such as , , , spp., Methicillin-resistant (MRSA), and many more.

Reasons for Not Treating Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis with Prescription Medications: Physicians' and Patients' Perspectives.

Background: In the United States, between one-third and two thirds of postmenopausal women do not begin treatment with a prescription osteoporosis medication after a diagnosis of osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to understand the reasons for this lack of treatment.

Materials And Methods: Online physician and patient surveys were administered in 2013.

Association of gastrointestinal events with osteoporosis treatment initiation and treatment compliance in Germany: An observational study.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) events are common in postmenopausal women treated for osteoporosis. The influence of GI events on treatment initiation and treatment compliance is the subject of ongoing research.

Objective: The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the association of GI events with receipt of treatment in patients newly diagnosed with osteoporosis, and (ii) among treated patients, to determine the association of GI events with treatment compliance.

High rate of non-treatment among osteoporotic women enrolled in a US Medicare plan.

Objective: To estimate the rate of non-treatment among elderly women with osteoporosis (OP) and to examine the association between patient characteristics and receiving treatment.

Research Design And Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study utilized patient information and claims from the Humana database to identify Medicare covered women aged ≥65 years old and continuously enrolled with evidence of either an OP diagnosis or an OP-related fracture during 2007-2011. The main outcome was receipt of pharmacological treatment of OP during 2012 (follow-up).

Proportion and Characteristics of Patients in Sweden Remaining at High Risk of Fracture Despite Prior Treatment.

Purpose: Fragility fractures are a clinical consequence of osteoporosis (OP). Evidence suggests however, current OP treatments may be inadequate in reducing fracture risk. The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion and characteristics of Swedish patients who remain at high risk of fracture after 2 years of treatment, as evidenced by osteoporotic bone mineral density (BMD), a decrease in BMD, or the occurrence of new fractures.

Association between gastrointestinal events and osteoporosis treatment initiation in women diagnosed with osteoporosis in France: a retrospective analysis.

Background: A substantial portion of women diagnosed with osteoporosis (OP) do not initiate pharmacotherapy to reduce fracture risk. In clinical practice, gastrointestinal (GI) events have been linked with OP therapy discontinuation. However, there is limited research examining GI events as barrier to treatment initiation following an OP diagnosis.

Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Events and Compliance With Osteoporosis Therapy: An Administrative Claims Analysis of the US Managed Care Population.

Purpose: A large proportion of women with osteoporosis do not comply with current osteoporosis therapies, resulting in diminished therapeutic effect. Noncompliance may be due to the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) events during the course of therapy. The objective of this study was to estimate the rate of GI events among women taking oral bisphosphonates and to determine the association between GI events and compliance with bisphosphonate therapy.

Cost and Consequences of Nonadherence With Oral Bisphosphonate Therapy: Findings From a Real-World Data Analysis.

Background: Adherence to osteoporosis treatment remains poor despite available treatments and physician and patient education. This study aims to determine the effect of low adherence in real-world data.

Objective: To examine the association between adherence with oral bisphosphonate therapy and fracture risk as well as health care resource utilization.

Proportion of osteoporotic women remaining at risk for fracture despite adherence to oral bisphosphonates.

Background: Adherence to oral bisphosphonates is often low, but even adherent patients may remain at elevated fracture risk. The goal of this study was to estimate the proportion of bisphosphonate-adherent women remaining at high risk of fracture.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of women aged 50years and older, adherent to oral bisphosphonates for at least two years was identified, and data were extracted from a multi-system health information exchange.

Gastrointestinal events and association with initiation of treatment for osteoporosis.

Background: Preexisting gastrointestinal (GI) events may deter the use of pharmacologic treatment in patients diagnosed with osteoporosis (OP). The objective of this study was to examine the association between preexisting GI events and OP pharmacotherapy initiation among women diagnosed with OP.

Methods: The study utilized claims data from a large US managed care database to identify women aged ≥55 years with a diagnosis code for OP (index date) during 2002-2009.

History of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular risk factors among patients initiating strontium ranelate for treatment of osteoporosis.

Purpose: To estimate the proportion of osteoporosis patients in whom initiating strontium ranelate treatment, under new EMA guidelines, should be contraindicated because of a history of cardiovascular events or risk for cardiovascular events.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of medical and pharmacy claims using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database. Patients were included if they had ≥1 prescription of strontium from September 1, 2008 to August 31, 2013, were aged ≥50 as of the index date (the date of the first ever strontium ranelate prescription), and had ≥1 year of medical records pre-index.

Undertreatment of osteoporosis and the role of gastrointestinal events among elderly osteoporotic women with Medicare Part D drug coverage.

Objectives: To examine the rate of osteoporosis (OP) undertreatment and the association between gastrointestinal (GI) events and OP treatment initiation among elderly osteoporotic women with Medicare Part D drug coverage.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized a 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Included were women ≥66 years old with Medicare Part D drug coverage, newly diagnosed with OP in 2007-2008 (first diagnosis date as the index date), and with no prior OP treatment.

Medication Use Patterns, Treatment Satisfaction, and Inadequate Control of Osteoporosis Study in the Asia-Pacific Region (MUSIC OS-AP): Design of a multinational, prospective, observational study examining the impact of gastrointestinal events on osteoporosis management in postmenopausal women.

Background: The burden of osteoporosis in the Asia-Pacific region is not well characterized. The Medication Use Patterns, Treatment Satisfaction, and Inadequate Control of Osteoporosis Study in the Asia-Pacific Region (MUSIC OS-AP) was designed to better understand the association of gastrointestinal events with patient-reported outcomes in postmenopausal women of this region.

Methods: MUSIC OS-AP is a prospective, multinational, observational cohort study of postmenopausal women ≥ 50 years of age diagnosed with osteoporosis.

Association Between Gastrointestinal Events and Health Care Resource Utilization Among Patients with Osteoporosis: Analysis of a U.S. Managed Care Population.

Background: Among patients on osteoporosis therapy, including oral bisphosphonates (BIS), upper gastrointestinal (GI) conditions have been linked with lower adherence to treatment and increased treatment discontinuation in clinical practice. Patients who are nonadherent to treatment have a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures and, consequently, have greater use of health care services. The burden of upper gastrointestinal events on health care resource utilization (HCRU) among women initiating oral BIS has not been well investigated.

Reasons for not initiating osteoporosis therapy among a managed care population.

Background: Many women with osteoporosis do not initiate osteoporosis treatment.

Objective: To examine patients' reasons for not initiating osteoporosis treatment among women with osteoporosis.

Methods: Survey recipients were identified from a national US claims database and included women ≥55 years with an osteoporosis diagnosis from January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2012 as defined by: 1) osteoporosis diagnosis coupled with bone mineral density test within 183 days of diagnosis and/or 2) osteoporosis-related fracture.

Rationale and design of MUSIC OS-EU: an international observational study of the treatment of postmenopausal women for osteoporosis in Europe and Canada.

Objectives: The Medication Use Patterns, Treatment Satisfaction, and Inadequate Control of Osteoporosis Study (MUSIC OS-EU) was designed to better understand the rate and burden of gastrointestinal (GI) events on clinical and health care outcomes among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Methods: MUSIC OS-EU is a prospective, multinational, observational cohort study of postmenopausal women ≥50 years of age diagnosed with osteoporosis and enrolled in physician clinics in six countries: France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Canada. The MUSIC OS-EU study has three components: (i) a physician survey to describe their management of osteoporotic patients with GI events; (ii) a retrospective chart survey to describe the receipt and type of osteoporosis medication prescribed; and (iii) a prospective cohort study including untreated and treated patients diagnosed with osteoporosis to investigate the rate of GI events and association with osteoporosis medication use patterns, health-related quality of life, treatment satisfaction and resource utilisation among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Association between gastrointestinal events and persistence with osteoporosis therapy: analysis of administrative claims of a U.S. managed care population.

Background: A large proportion of patients do not persist with osteoporosis (OP) therapy. Gastrointestinal (GI) events (e.g.

Gastrointestinal Events Among Patients Initiating Osteoporosis Therapy: A Retrospective Administrative Claims Database Analysis.

Purpose: Our purpose was to characterize the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) events among women on oral bisphosphonate therapy.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that used a United States (US) claims database. The study period was from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011.

Renal impairment among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis from a large health plan in Israel.

Unlabelled: Bisphosphonates are a first-line treatment for osteoporosis but require adequate renal function. We estimated the prevalence of renal impairment among osteoporotic women in Israeli. Approximately 2.

Osteoporotic fracture rate among women with at least 1 year of adherence to osteoporosis treatment.

Purpose: In clinical trials, bisphosphonate therapy reduces but does not eliminate the risk of fracture. The objective of this retrospective observational study was to examine fracture rates among women who were adherent to bisphosphonate therapy for at least 1 year.

Methods: We studied outcomes for women ≥50 years old who received their first osteoporosis therapy as an oral bisphosphonate during 2002-2008 and were enrolled in a large claims database for ≥3 consecutive years, including a baseline year before and 2 years after the index prescription (thus, the full study period was 2001-2010).

Cost and consequences of noncompliance with osteoporosis treatment among women initiating therapy.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate compliance with osteoporosis (OP) treatments and determine the fracture and healthcare burden associated with noncompliance.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of a US claims database identified women initiating an OP medication from 1 January 2002 to 30 June 2009. Patients were ≥55 years and had ≥1 pharmacy claim for a bisphosphonate or non-bisphosphonate (raloxifene, calcitonin, teriparatide); the index date was the first pharmacy claim.

Association between gastrointestinal events and compliance with osteoporosis therapy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of gastrointestinal (GI) events, and association between GI events and compliance with osteoporosis therapy among osteoporotic women.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using a large administrative claims database in the United States from 2001 through 2010 was conducted. We studied women ≥ 55 years old who were continuously enrolled in a health plan for at least 2 years, a baseline year before and a follow-up year after the date of the first prescription of oral bisphosphonate as the first oral osteoporosis treatment.

Challenges in implementing and maintaining osteoporosis therapy.

In the United States, an estimated 19% of older men and 30% of older women are at elevated risk of osteoporotic fracture and considered to be eligible for treatment. The burden of osteoporosis is similar in Europe and is projected to rise worldwide, with aging populations and increasing fracture rates accompanying urbanization. Notwithstanding its high prevalence, osteoporosis is often underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Substantial under-treatment among women diagnosed with osteoporosis in a US managed-care population: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Multiple therapies are approved for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP), but many patients with osteoporosis may not initiate treatment upon osteoporosis diagnosis.

Objective: To characterize initiation of pharmacologic OP treatment among women within 1 year of OP diagnosis in a US managed care population.

Research Design And Methods: The retrospective cohort study included women aged ≥55 years with a claims-documented diagnosis of OP who were naïve to OP medications prior to OP diagnosis (index date) during 2001-2010.