Use of transesophageal echocardiography for transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation for patients with prior bioprosthetic surgical aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonic valves.

Valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter procedures are the preferred option for redo valve replacement in patients who otherwise would be high risk for surgery. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an integral imaging modality for both peri-procedural and intra-procedural guidance during transcatheter ViV replacement. When intentional leaflet laceration is needed, such as with the BASILICA (Bioprosthetic or native Aortic Scallop Intentional Laceration to prevent Iatrogenic Coronary Artery obstructions during TAVR) or LAMPOON (Laceration of the Anterior Mitral valve leaflet to Prevent left ventricular Outlet ObstructioN) procedures, TEE is critical to proper guidewire positioning and achieving a successful laceration.

A Good Case of Recurrent Pneumonia.

infection is a common cause of pneumonia in animals but rarely causes disease in humans. Additionally, coinfection with is very uncommon and is occasionally seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report a case of a 61-year-old HIV-negative man, who presented with hypoxic respiratory failure 2 days after completion of systemic intravenous antibiotic treatment for His past medical history was significant for a benign thymoma.

High wall shear stress and high-risk plaque: an emerging concept.

In recent years, there has been a significant effort to identify high-risk plaques in vivo prior to acute events. While number of imaging modalities have been developed to identify morphologic characteristics of high-risk plaques, prospective natural-history observational studies suggest that vulnerability is not solely dependent on plaque morphology and likely involves additional contributing mechanisms. High wall shear stress (WSS) has recently been proposed as one possible causative factor, promoting the development of high-risk plaques.

Imaging diagnosis of neonatal anemia: report of two unusual etiologies.

Anemia in neonatal period is rare, with the common causes being Rh and ABO blood group incompatibility, hemorrhagic disease of newborn, congenital hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinopathies, and TORCH (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus) infections. Congenital leukemia and infantile osteopetrosis (OP) are among the rare causes of neonatal anemia. A review of the literature shows approximately 200 reported cases of congenital leukemia.

Associated signs, demographic characteristics, and management of dacryocystocele in 64 infants.

Purpose: To describe the incidence of associated infection, respiratory compromise, apparent intranasal cyst, as well as sex, laterality, and age at presentation in 64 infants with dacryocystocele and to assess characteristics associated with successful interventions.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients with dacryocystocele seen at Children's Hospital Boston between 1996 and 2010 was performed. Inclusion criteria were accuracy of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up at our institution.