Evolution of body composition and wasting indicators by time of day of haemodialysis.

Background: It has been a long-standing clinical concern that haemodialysis (HD) patients on afternoon shifts (ASs) are more prone to protein-energy wasting (PEW) than those on morning shifts (MSs), as their dialysis scheme and post-dialysis symptoms may interfere with meal intake. We evaluated the effect of time of day of HD on the evolution of body composition changes and PEW surrogates.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study among 9.

Serum Uric Acid and Mortality Risk Among Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: Although high serum uric acid (SUA) has been consistently associated with an increased risk of death in the general population and in persons with nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), studies in patients undergoing dialysis are conflicting. It has been postulated that low SUA simply reflects poor nutritional status in dialysis patients. We here characterize the association between SUA and the risk of death in a large dialysis cohort and explore effect modification by underlying nutritional status as reflected by body composition.

Preoperative Cognitive Abnormality, Intraoperative Electroencephalogram Suppression, and Postoperative Delirium: A Mediation Analysis.

Background: Postoperative delirium is a common complication that hinders recovery after surgery. Intraoperative electroencephalogram suppression has been linked to postoperative delirium, but it is unknown if this relationship is causal or if electroencephalogram suppression is merely a marker of underlying cognitive abnormalities. The hypothesis of this study was that intraoperative electroencephalogram suppression mediates a nonzero portion of the effect between preoperative abnormal cognition and postoperative delirium.

Multimorbidity in randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions: A systematic review.

Objective: As the population with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) increases, it is essential that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) consider MCC. Behavioral interventions have the potential to positively impact MCC patient outcomes; however, a comprehensive review of consideration of MCC in these trials has not been conducted. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the frequency with which participants with MCC are represented in behavioral intervention RCTs targeting chronic illness published 2000-2014.

Effects of high-volume online mixed-hemodiafiltration on anemia management in dialysis patients.

Background: Anemia is a major comorbidity of patients with end-stage renal disease and poses an enormous economic burden to health-care systems. High dose erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) have been associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes. We explored whether mixed-dilution hemodiafiltration (Mixed-HDF), based on its innovative substitution modality, may improve anemia outcomes compared to the traditional post-dilution hemodiafiltration (Post-HDF).

The Use of Nerve Transfers to Restore Upper Extremity Function in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Nerve transfer surgery to restore upper extremity function in cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is novel and may transform treatment. Determining candidacy even years post-SCI is ill defined and deserves investigation.

Objective: To develop a diagnostic algorithm, focusing on electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies, to determine eligibility for nerve transfer surgery.

Migraine and the risk of incident hypertension among women.

Background Few studies have examined whether migraine is associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study among 29,040 women without hypertension at baseline. Women were classified as having active migraine with aura, active migraine without aura, a past history of migraine, or no history of migraine.

Achieving Milestones as a Prerequisite for Proceeding With a Clinical Trial.

Background: Although the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invests $30 billion in research annually, many funded studies fail to generate results that can inform practice. The National Institutes of Health introduced a phased funding mechanism as one potential solution. Study-specific milestones are established for an initial pilot phase.

Migraine and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study II and the Women's Health Study.

Migraine is a common primary headache disorder, which predominantly impacts women. Recently, migraine has been hypothesized to be associated with hormonally related cancers; however, the potential association between migraine and ovarian cancer has not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the association between migraine and invasive epithelial ovarian cancer risk in two prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) and the Women's Health Study (WHS).

Insight into infection-mediated prostate damage: Contrasting patterns of C-reactive protein and prostate-specific antigen levels during infection.

Background: To investigate mechanisms underlying our previous observation of a large rise in serum prostate-specific antigen, a marker of prostate pathology, during both sexually transmitted and systemic infections, we measured serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, in our previous case-control study of young, male US military members and compared our findings to those for PSA.

Methods: We measured hsCRP before and during infection for 299 chlamydia, 112 gonorrhea, and 59 non-chlamydial, non-gonococcal urethritis (NCNGU) cases; before and after infection for 55 infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 90 other systemic/non-genitourinary cases; and for 220-256 controls.

Results: Only gonorrhea cases were significantly more likely to have a large hsCRP rise (≥1.

Trichomonas vaginalis infection and risk of prostate cancer: associations by disease aggressiveness and race/ethnicity in the PLCO Trial.

Purpose: Results from previous sero-epidemiologic studies of Trichomonas vaginalis infection and prostate cancer (PCa) support a positive association between this sexually transmitted infection and aggressive PCa. However, findings from previous studies are not entirely consistent, and only one has investigated the possible relation between T. vaginalis seropositivity and PCa in African-American men who are at highest risk of both infection and PCa.

Prospective comorbidity-matched study of Parkinson's disease and risk of mortality among women.

Background: Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) may have an increased risk of overall mortality compared to the general population. Women may have lower mortality rates from PD than men; however, studies among women on the effect of PD on mortality have been limited and may not have adequately controlled for confounding by comorbidities.

Methods: We conducted a matched cohort study among participants in the Women's Health Study.

Migraine and risk of cardiovascular disease in women: prospective cohort study.

Objective:  To evaluate the association between migraine and incident cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality in women.

Design:  Prospective cohort study among Nurses' Health Study II participants, with follow-up from 1989 and through June 2011.

Setting:  Cohort of female nurses in United States.

Migraine and breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.

Background: The evidence for an association between migraine and breast cancer risk is inconclusive. While female sex hormones have been proposed as one underlying mechanism, data on sex hormone levels in migraineurs are sparse.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated the association between migraine and breast cancer risk among 115378 Nurses' Health Study II participants using Cox proportional hazards models.

Vascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and restless legs syndrome in men.

Background: The prevalence of vascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and restless legs syndrome increases with age. Prior studies analyzing the associations between vascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and restless legs syndrome found controversial results. We therefore aim to evaluate the associations between prevalent vascular risk factors, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and restless legs syndrome.

Vascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and restless legs syndrome in women.

Background: Previous studies evaluating the association of cardiovascular disease and vascular risk factors with restless legs syndrome showed inconsistent results, especially for the potential relation between various vascular risk factors and restless legs syndrome. We therefore aimed to analyze the relationships between vascular risk factors, prevalent cardiovascular disease, and restless legs syndrome.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 30,262 female health professionals participating in the Women's Health Study (WHS).

Migraine and restless legs syndrome in men.

Background: Previous studies suggest an association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS). Population-based data, however, have been limited to women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between migraine and RLS in a male cohort.

Migraine and subsequent risk of breast cancer: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that migraineurs are at decreased risk for developing breast cancer. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results. In addition, studies evaluating migraine characteristics (e.

Restless legs syndrome and all-cause mortality in four prospective cohort studies.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and all-cause mortality.

Design: Four prospective cohort studies.

Setting: The Dortmund Health Study (DHS) and the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) from Germany.

Migraine, weight gain and the risk of becoming overweight and obese: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Some cross-sectional studies have suggested an association between migraine and increased body weight. However, prospective data on the association are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study among 19,162 participants in the Women's Health Study who had a body mass index (BMI) of 18.

Migraine and risk of incident diabetes in women: a prospective study.

Background: Previous cross-sectional studies evaluating the relationship between diabetes prevalence and migraine status have found conflicting results. We examined the relationship between migraine and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a cohort of adult women.

Methods: Prospective cohort study conducted among participants in the Women's Health Study who provided information on migraine and did not have diabetes at baseline.

Restless legs syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in women and men: prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Women's Health Study (WHS) and Physicians' Health Study (PHS), USA.

Migraine and restless legs syndrome in women.

Background: Few clinic-based studies report an association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS); however, population-based data are unavailable.

Methods: Cohort study among 31,370 women participating in the Women's Health Study. We had detailed self-reported information on migraine, including aura status, and RLS.

Associations of socioeconomic status with migraine and non-migraine headache.

Background: Migraine has been linked with several measures of socioeconomic status (SES). However, results are inconsistent and data on the association between SES and non-migraine headache, migraine subtypes and migraine frequency are sparse.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 36,858 participants in the Women's Health Study.