Clinical profile of patients with biopsy proven lupus nephritis at a tertiary care hospital from Northern Pakistan, 1995 to 2012.

Objective: TTo highlight the clinical spectrum of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis by analysing any variations in its histological subtypes across gender, varying age groups, serum creatinine levels and anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid levels.

Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital in collaboration with the Fauji Foundation Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, and comprised patient records of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis from 1995 to 2012. The cases were analysed according to clinical presentations and histological pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis.

'TEST-NEGATIVE ANGELMAN SYNDROME' WITH THYROID DYSFUNCTION: A RARITY BUT A REALITY!

Angelman Syndrome (AS) is believed to be a complex neuro-developmental genetic disorder that is often described clinically by the presence of behavioural uniqueness and movement disorders; in addition to having developmental delay and speech impairment. Genetic factors have been linked to the syndrome's aetiology in 90% of cases, although in 10% cases, an unidentified genetic mechanism accounts for the classic phenotypic features of AS. Angelman Syndrome in general or with associated thyroid dysfunction, have never been reported from Pakistan.