Publications by authors named "Anju Sahdev"

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) causes hypertension and is potentially surgically curable when it is caused by a unilateral aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma (APA). Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is required to guide surgery, but it is invasive, is technically difficult, and has limited availability.

Objective: To determine whether the accuracy of post-dexamethasone [C]metomidate ([C]MTO) positron emission tomography-computed tomography, a diagnostic test for APAs, is superior or noninferior to the accuracy of AVS in predicting outcomes from unilateral adrenalectomy, and whether [C]MTO is interchangeable with its longer-half-life analogue, para-chloro-2-[F]fluoroethyletomidate ([F]CETO).

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  • The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a deep learning model for automatically segmenting pelvic/ovarian and omental lesions in high-grade serous ovarian cancer on CT scans.
  • Using 451 CT scans for training, evaluation, and testing, the model was compared against existing methods and trainee radiologist segmentations.
  • Results indicated that the deep learning model significantly outperformed the standard method for pelvic/ovarian lesions and performed comparably to a trainee radiologist, suggesting that automated segmentation is a viable tool in clinical settings.
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  • * Researchers developed a machine learning model that combines clinical, blood-based, and radiomic data from patients to predict changes in disease volume after NACT, achieving an 8% improvement in prediction accuracy when integrating radiomics.
  • * The study shows the importance of using radiomics in patient response models, offering a potential path for creating new clinical trial methods focused on biomarkers in HGSOC treatment.
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  • The study investigates the comorbidities associated with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) in patients with adrenal incidentalomas and examines treatment options.
  • A systematic review of 30 cross-sectional and 16 cohort studies found higher incidences of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in MACS patients, alongside increased all-cause mortality.
  • Surgical treatment, particularly adrenalectomy, showed promising improvements in metabolic control and cardiovascular health for these patients, although results should be viewed cautiously due to inconsistencies in study definitions and data reporting.
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Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal masses detected on imaging performed for reasons other than suspected adrenal disease. In most cases, adrenal incidentalomas are nonfunctioning adrenocortical adenomas but may also require therapeutic intervention including that for adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hormone-producing adenoma, or metastases. Here, we provide a revision of the first international, interdisciplinary guidelines on incidentalomas.

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  • Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a condition that can cause high blood pressure, often linked to a growth in the adrenal gland, and surgery can help fix it.
  • A study compared a safer, non-invasive test called MTO scanning with a more invasive test called AVS to see which one does a better job at predicting successful surgery outcomes for people with PA.
  • The results showed that the MTO scanning was just as good at predicting success as the invasive test, making it a useful option for diagnosing PA without the need for surgery first.
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  • - The study aimed to test the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) examining the effects of aspirin and vitamin D3 in patients with low-risk prostate cancer who are undergoing active surveillance and have undergone Prolaris® testing.
  • - Out of 130 eligible patients, 104 (80%) participated, with 94 completing treatment; Prolaris® testing succeeded in 81% of diagnostic biopsies.
  • - The findings revealed a 12-month disease progression rate of 43.3% among participants, with high treatment adherence (91%) in non-progressing patients, though there were two serious adverse events linked to aspirin.
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Background: Pathological response to neoadjuvant treatment for patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is assessed using the chemotherapy response score (CRS) for omental tumor deposits. The main limitation of CRS is that it requires surgical sampling after initial neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) treatment. Earlier and non-invasive response predictors could improve patient stratification.

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Incidental adrenal masses are among the most common incidental lesions detected on cross-sectional imaging. The majority are benign lesions, adenomas and myelolipomas being the most common. Simple cross-sectional imaging techniques using CT and MRI permit the characterization of over 80%, thereby requiring no further imaging.

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Purpose: Preoperative nodal staging is important for planning treatment in cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, but remains challenging. We compare nodal staging accuracy of F-ethyl-choline-(FEC)-PET/CT, F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose-(FDG)-PET/CT, and diffusion-weighted-MRI (DW-MRI) with conventional morphologic MRI.

Experimental Design: A prospective, multicenter observational study of diagnostic accuracy for nodal metastases was undertaken in 5 gyne-oncology centers.

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Summary: A male patient with a germline mutation in MEN1 presented at the age of 18 with classical features of gigantism. Previously, he had undergone resection of an insulin-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (pNET) at the age of 10 years and had subtotal parathyroidectomy due to primary hyperparathyroidism at the age of 15 years. He was found to have significantly elevated serum IGF-1, GH, GHRH and calcitonin levels.

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Objective: Hypertension cure following adrenalectomy in unilateral primary aldosteronism is not guaranteed. Its likelihood is associated with pre-operative parameters, which have been variably combined in six different predictive scoring systems. The relative performance of these systems is currently unknown.

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T-cell immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapies have become standard-of-care treatments for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is a need to develop robust biomarkers that predict patient outcomes to targeted therapies to personalise treatment. In recent years, quantitative analysis of imaging features, termed radiomics, has been used to extract tumour features.

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Background: Radiotherapy and cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy are accepted standard-of-care treatments for metastatic seminoma with excellent survival outcomes but with established short- and long-term morbidity. Carboplatin monotherapy may be a less toxic alternative; however early historic studies at AUC7 showed inferior outcomes.

Objectives: To evaluate multi-institutional data on and toxicity and longer-term survival for metastatic seminoma patients treated with the single-agent carboplatin AUC10.

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Background: The germ cell supranetwork multidisciplinary team (SMDT) for the Anglian Network covers a population of 7.5 million.

Methods: We reviewed 10 years of SMDT discussion and categorised them into five domains ((1) overall outcome, (2) chemotherapy regimens-untreated disease and salvage therapy, (3) radiology, (4) pathology and (5) complex cases) to assess the impact of the SMDT.

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Context: In primary aldosteronism, cosecretion of cortisol may alter cortisol-derived adrenal venous sampling indices.

Objective: To identify whether cortisol cosecretion in primary aldosteronism alters adrenal venous sampling parameters and interpretation.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

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Background: An urgent need to reduce the metabolic side-effects of glucocorticoid overexposure has been recognised, as glucocorticoid excess can lead to Cushing's syndrome, which is associated with high morbidity. We aimed to evaluate the potential of metformin to reverse such effects while sparing the anti-inflammatory benefits of glucocorticoids.

Methods: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept, phase 2 trial involving four hospitals in the UK.

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Objective: There is consensus that asymptomatic carriers of SDHB mutations should undergo periodic surveillance imaging. MRI has the advantage of avoiding radiation exposure but its sensitivity and specificity for detecting phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are dependent on sequences performed and expertise of reporting radiologists. We aim to highlight the additional value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for MR based surveillance, demonstrating DWI's ability to identify small PPGLs at all body sites.

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Objective Phaeochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL) are rare in children. A large proportion of these are now understood to be due to underlying germline mutations. Here we focus on succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) gene mutation carriers as these tumours carry a high risk of malignant transformation.

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Objective: With the discovery that familial phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma syndrome can be caused by mutations in each subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme (SDH), has come the recognition that mutations in the individual subunits have their own distinct natural histories. Increased genetic screening is leading to the identification of increasing numbers of, mostly asymptomatic, gene mutation carriers and the implementation of screening strategies for these individuals. Yet there is, to date, no international consensus regarding screening strategies for asymptomatic carriers.

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Immunotherapy has had increasing use in Medical Oncology for a diverse range of primary malignancies. There are various types of immunotherapy which are grouped based on mechanism of action. In recent decades, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) immunotherapies have been at the forefront of Medical Oncology, sparked by very encouraging results.

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Background: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) symptoms in women are variable and non-specific; establishing a differential diagnosis can be hard. A diagnostic laparoscopy is often performed, although a prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan may beneficial.

Objectives: To estimate the accuracy and added value of MRI in making diagnoses of (1) idiopathic CPP and (2) the main gynaecological causes of CPP.

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There has been a significant increase in the availability of testing for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) germline susceptibility genes. As more patients with genetic mutations are identified, cascade genetic testing of family members is also increasing. This results in identifying genetic predispositions at a much earlier age.

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Objective: To investigate the pathology of excised testicular lesions <10 mm in size.

Patients And Methods: The pathological reports of 2 681 patients with testicular lesions from Barts Health NHS Trust and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust were reviewed as part of a service evaluation audit from January 2003 to May 2016. Cases in which the lesion had a maximum diameter of <10 mm were selected.

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Synopsis of recent research by authors named "Anju Sahdev"

  • - Anju Sahdev's recent research focuses on advanced methodologies in cancer diagnostics and treatment, utilizing deep learning techniques and radiogenomics to improve the segmentation and prediction of responses in ovarian cancer, particularly high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC).
  • - Her studies demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating various biomarkers—including clinical, blood-based, and imaging data—to enhance predictions regarding patient responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and identify underlying disease complexities.
  • - In addition to her oncology work, Sahdev has contributed to the understanding of adrenal incidentalomas, exploring associated comorbidities and treatment strategies, as well as providing updated clinical guidelines for their management.

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