Estimation of the Efficacy of Remineralizing Agents on the Microhardness of Deciduous Teeth Demineralized Using Pediatric Formulations.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the demineralizing effect of commonly used pediatric syrup formulations on primary teeth and the efficacy of two readily available remineralizing agents in treating this effect.

Materials And Methods: Ninety primary teeth were used for sample preparation and divided into three groups: antibiotic syrup (group A), cough syrup (group B), and control (group C) groups. These groups were further categorized into intragroups according to the treatment with remineralizing agents: groups A1, B1, and C1 received GC Tooth Mousse (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, CPP-ACP paste) and groups A2, B2, and C2 received Clinpro Tooth Crème.

Re-engineering primary healthcare in Kerala.

Introduction: In the backdrop of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the state of Kerala, India, revamped its existing primary health centres (PHCs) into people-friendly family health centres (FHCs) in order to provide comprehensive primary care as part of a mission-based () initiative. It was envisioned that the mission's implementation and operation would make use of decentralised governance. The present study explored how the decentralised governance influenced reorganisation of primary care.

Decentralisation, health and Sustainable Development Goal 3.

Setting: Kerala State, India, implemented decentralising reforms of healthcare institutions 25 years ago through transfer of administrative control and a sizeable share of the financial allocation.

Objective: To describe the main impacts of decentralisation in Kerala on local policy formulation, programme implementation and service delivery for sustainable health systems.

Design: This was part of a broader qualitative study on decentralisation and health in Kerala.

Cooking fat types alter the inherent glycaemic response of niche rice varieties through resistant starch (RS) formation.

Studies over the decades highlighted the role of lipids in modulating inherent glycaemic response of rice, still much needed to elucidate how the chain length and saturation of fatty acid (FA) influence this. Hence in this study, we investigated the in vitro glycaemic response, starch-lipid complexing ability and resistant starch (RS) formation in three rice types [white rice (WR), black rice (BR) and red rice (RR)] cooked with four fats [ghee, coconut oil (CO), virgin coconut oil (VCO) and rice bran oil (RBO)], with three cooking conditions ('before', 'during' and 'after'). Inherent glycaemic response was found least in RR (81.

η(4) -HBCC-σ,π-Borataallyl Complexes of Ruthenium Comprising an Agostic Interaction.

Thermolysis of [Cp*Ru(PPh2 (CH2 )PPh2 )BH2 (L2 )] 1 (Cp*=η(5) -C5 Me5 ; L=C7 H4 NS2 ), with terminal alkynes led to the formation of η(4) -σ,π-borataallyl complexes [Cp*Ru(μ-H)B{R-C=CH2 }(L)2 ] (2 a-c) and η(2) -vinylborane complexes [Cp*Ru(R-C=CH2 )BH(L)2 ] (3 a-c) (2 a, 3 a: R=Ph; 2 b, 3 b: R=COOCH3 ; 2 c, 3 c: R=p-CH3 -C6 H4 ; L=C7 H4 NS2 ) through hydroboration reaction. Ruthenium and the HBCC unit of the vinylborane moiety in 2 a-c are linked by a unique η(4) -interaction. Conversions of 1 into 3 a-c proceed through the formation of intermediates 2 a-c.

Hydroboration of Alkynes with Zwitterionic Ruthenium-Borate Complexes: Novel Vinylborane Complexes.

Building upon previous studies on the synthesis of bis(sigma)borate and agostic complexes of ruthenium, the chemistry of nido-[(Cp*Ru)2 B3 H9] (1) with other ligand systems was explored. In this regard, mild thermolysis of nido-1 with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-mbzt), 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (2-mbzo) and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-mbzi) ligands were performed which led to the isolation of bis(sigma)borate complexes [Cp*RuBH3 L] (2 a-c) and β-agostic complexes [Cp*RuBH2 L2] (3 a-c; 2 a, 3 a: L=C7 H4 NS2 ; 2 b, 3 b: L=C7 H4 NSO; 2 c, 3 c: L=C7 H5 N2 S). Further, the chemistry of these novel complexes towards various diphosphine ligands was investigated.

In search for new bonding modes of the methylenedithiolato ligand: novel tri- and tetra-metallic clusters.

Building upon our earlier results on the chemistry of diruthenium analogue of pentaborane (9) with heterocumulenes, we continued to investigate the reactivity of arachno-[(Cp*Ru)2(B3H8)(CS2H)], 1, (Cp* = η(5)-C5Me5) towards group 7 and 8 transition metal carbonyl compounds under photolytic and thermolytic conditions. The metal carbonyl compounds show diverse reactivity pattern with arachno-1. For example, the photolysis of arachno-1 with [Re2(CO)10] yielded [(Cp*Ru)2B3H5(CH2S2){Re(CO)4}2], 2, [(Cp*RuCO)2(μ-H)2(CH2S2){Re(CO)4}{Re(CO)3}], 3 and [(Cp*Ru)2(μ-CO)(μ-H)(CH2S2){Re(CO)3}], 4.

Chemistry of diruthenium and dirhodium analogues of pentaborane(9): synthesis and characterization of metal n,s-heterocyclic carbene and B-agostic complexes.

Building upon our earlier results on the synthesis of electron-precise transition-metal-boron complexes, we continue to investigate the reactivity of pentaborane(9) and tetraborane(10) analogues of ruthenium and rhodium towards thiazolyl and oxazolyl ligands. Thus, mild thermolysis of nido-[(Cp*RuH)2B3H7] (1) with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-mbtz) and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (2-mboz) led to the isolation of Cp*-based (Cp* = η(5)-C5Me5) borate complexes 5 a,b [Cp*RuBH3L] (5 a: L = C7H4NS2; 5 b: L = C7H4NOS)) and agostic complexes 7 a,b [Cp*RuBH2(L)2], (7 a: L = C7H4NS2; 7 b: L = C7H4NOS). In a similar fashion, a rhodium analogue of pentaborane(9), nido-[(Cp*Rh)2B3H7] (2) yielded rhodaboratrane [Cp*RhBH(L)2], 10 (L = C7H4NS2).

Chemistry of diruthenium analogue of pentaborane(9) with heterocumulenes: toward novel trimetallic cubane-type clusters.

Reactions of the CS2 and CO2 heterocumulene ligands with nido-ruthenaborane cluster [1,2-(Cp*Ru)2(μ-H)2B3H7], 1, were explored (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). Compound 1 when treated with CS2 underwent metal-assisted hydroboration to yield arachno-ruthenaborane [(Cp*Ru)2(B3H8)(CS2H)], 2, with a dithioformato ligand attached to it. The chemistry of 2 was then explored with various transition metal carbonyl compounds under photolytic and thermolytic conditions.

Reactivity of diruthenium and dirhodium analogues of pentaborane(9): agostic versus boratrane complexes.

A series of novel Cp*-based (Cp*=η(5)-C5Me5) agostic, bis(σ-borate), and boratrane complexes have been synthesized from diruthenium and dirhodium analogues of pentaborane(9). The synthesis and structural characterization of the first neutral ruthenadiborane(6) analogue are also reported. This new route offers a very efficient method for the isolation of bis(σ-borate) and agostic complexes from diruthenapentaborane(9).

A fine tuning of metallaborane to bridged-boryl complex, [(Cp*Ru)2(μ-H)(μ-CO)(μ-Bcat)] (cat = 1,2-O2C6H4; Cp* = η5-C5Me5).

Room temperature photolysis of [(Cp*RuCO)2BH4(Bcat)], 3, generated from the reaction of arachno-[(Cp*RuCO)2B2H6], 1, with HBcat (cat = 1,2-O2C6H4), yielded a rare homodinuclear bridged-boryl complex, [(Cp*Ru)2(μ-H)(μ-CO)(μ-Bcat)], 4, confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

Supraicosahedral polyhedra in metallaboranes: synthesis and structural characterization of 12-, 15-, and 16-vertex rhodaboranes.

Syntheses and structural characterization of supraicosahedral rhodaborane clusters are reported. Reaction of [(Cp*RhCl2)2], (Cp* = η(5)-C5Me5) with [LiBH4·thf] followed by thermolysis with excess of [BH3·thf] afforded 16-vertex closo-[(Cp*Rh)3B12H12Rh{Cp*RhB4H9}], 1, 15-vertex [(Cp*Rh)2B13H13], 2, 12-vertex [(Cp*Rh)2B10Hn(OH)m], (3a: n = 12, m = 0; 3b: n = 9, m = 1; 3c: n = 8, m = 2) and 10-vertex [(Cp*Rh)3B7H7], 4, and [(Cp*Rh)4B6H6], 5. Cluster 1 is the unprecedented 16-vertex cluster, consists of a sixteen-vertex {Rh4B12} with an exo-polyhedral {RhB4} moiety.

Synthesis and structure of dirhodium analogue of octaborane-12 and decaborane-14.

We present the results of our investigation of a thermally driven cluster expansion of rhodaborane systems with BH(3)·THF. Four novel rhodaborane clusters, for example, nido-[(Cp*Rh)(2)B(6)H(10)], 1; nido-[(Cp*Rh)B(9)H(13)], 2; nido-[(Cp*Rh)(2)B(8)H(12)], 3; and nido-[(Cp*Rh)(3)B(8)H(9)(OH)(3)], 4 (Cp* = η(5)-C(5)Me(5)), have been isolated from the thermolysis of [Cp*RhCl(2)](2) and borane reagents in modest yields. Rhodaborane 1 has a nido geometry and is isostructural with [B(8)H(12)].

Economic evaluation of end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Background: In India the incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing day by day and the option for the treatment of ESRD is dialysis or transplantation. In the present scenario, due to the cost of treatment normal people can afford only hemodialysis rather than transplantation. Since the cost of hemodialysis differs across the country, research is needed to evaluate its exact cost.