Different Strategies Targeting Gut Microbiota for the Management of Several Disorders: A Sustainable Approach.

Background: A potential limelight is flashed on the Gut Microbiota (GM) in the human body, which confers additional psychological as well as physiological attributes to health. Other than just occupying a wide portion of the gastrointestinal tract, it also plays numerous functions in the systems of the body. Gut Microbiota is largely responsible for a considerably vast array of conditions such as obesity, diabetes ,other metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disorders.

An Ophthalmology Virtual Externship during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study.

 The evolution of medical school curricula, characterized by truncated preclinical periods and reduced emphasis on ophthalmology, presents formidable obstacles to early exposure for aspiring medical students. The constraints imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic further exacerbated the limitations on opportunities, compelling the implementation of innovative initiatives aimed at augmenting students' ophthalmology education through virtual means.  This article assesses the impact of an Ophthalmology Virtual Externship (OVE) on medical students' knowledge, interest, confidence, and seeking mentorship in ophthalmology.

A qualitative study of childhood cancer families' post-treatment needs and the impact of a community-based organization in a rural, socioeconomically disadvantaged, majority Hispanic/Latino region.

Background: Individual- and population-level socioeconomic disadvantages contribute to unequal outcomes among childhood cancer survivors. Reducing health disparities requires understanding experiences of survivors from historically marginalized communities, including those with non-English language preference.

Procedure: We partnered with a community-based organization (CBO) serving families of children with cancer in a rural region in California with low socioeconomic status and majority Hispanic/Latino (H/L) residents.

Bladder salvage in children with congenital lower urinary tract malformations undergoing renal transplant.

Introduction: Patients with Congenital Lower Urinary Tract Malformations (CLUTM) have increased risk of post-transplant complications if bladder dysfunction is not addressed. Pretransplant assessment may be difficult if urinary diversion has been previously applied. In case of low capacity and/or low compliance and/or high-pressure overactive bladder, transplantation into a diverted or augmented system may be required.

Role of Medicinal Plants in the Management of Inflammatory Disorders: An Overview.

Owing to the enhanced toxicity as well as consequences of allopathic medication, the research on herbal therapies is developing progressively. As a result, medicinal herbs are beginning to play a substantial role in the advancement of the dominant therapeutic medications. Since ancient times, the use of herbs has performed a vital part in human well-being as well in the invention of cutting-edge pharmaceuticals.

The Vision Detroit Project: Integrated Screening and Community Eye-Health Education Interventions Improve Eyecare Awareness.

Purpose: Poor eye-health knowledge and health literacy are pervasive, contributing to worse outcomes. This study aims to examine short- and long-term eye-health knowledge retention following eye-health education interventions in adults.

Methods: Vision Detroit was an outreach vision screening program that integrated a 5-Point Teaching Intervention (5PTI), at a Southwest Community Center (SW-CC) from 2015-2017.

Impact of Fellowship Training on Practice Patterns of Glaucoma Surgeons Treating Medicare fee-for-service Beneficiaries.

Purpose: Analyze practice patterns of glaucoma surgeons with and without fellowship training.

Materials And Methods: Physician-specific 2017 Medicare data were obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website. Current Procedural Terminology codes identified procedures including iStent, tube shunts, trabeculectomy, complicated trabeculectomy, endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation, internal Xen Implant, external Xen or Express shunt, Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy, and Kahook Dual Blade Goniotomy.

Consensual Ophthalmotonic Reaction Following Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty.

Aim: "Consensual ophthalmotonic reaction" refers to changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) in one eye, which is accompanied by a corresponding change in IOP in the contralateral eye. This study evaluates whether monocular administration of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) leads to a consensual ophthalmotonic reaction and how long this effect lasts.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients receiving SLT at Kresge Eye Institute in Detroit, MI, from January 2015 to August 2016.

45 years' experience with early childhood anatomical technique of feminising genitoplasty for 46 XX Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia -observations of vaginal introital anatomy and its relationship to the perineal body.

In Manchester, feminising genitoplasty is offered to children with 46XX Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) when there is a single perineal opening and/or enlarged clitoris. Our aims are to describe the anatomical reconstructive technique and present long-term outcomes. Our hypothesis is that 'the common channel (CC) length and distance to the vagina from perineal skin is mostly due to virilisation and hypertrophy of perineal tissue over the almost normally positioned vaginal introitus (V-I) in relation to the perineal body (PB)'.

Bioactive Loaded Novel Nano-Formulations for Targeted Drug Delivery and Their Therapeutic Potential.

Plant-based medicines have received a lot of attention in recent years. Such medicines have been employed to treat medical conditions since ancient times, and in those times only the observed symptoms were used to determine dose accuracy, dose efficacy, and therapy. Rather than novel formulations, the current research work on plant-based medicines has mostly concentrated on medicinal active phytoconstituents.

Prolonged ischemia of the ileum and colon after surgical mucosectomy explains contraction and failure of "mucus free" bladder augmentation.

Introduction: Mucus production by the intestinal segment used in bladder augmentation results in long term concerns especially stones and UTI. Bladder augmentation with demucosalized intestinal flap is a potential promising approach for mucus-free bladder augmentation, however the contraction of the flap remains a major concern. Mucosectomy has been shown to result in abrupt and immediate cessation of microcirculation in the ileum.

Mirabegron in Overactive Bladder and Its Role in Exit Strategy After Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Children.

Purpose: Mirabegron is a recent addition to the management options of overactive bladder (OAB) in children. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the role of Mirabegron in the treatment algorithm of therapy-resistant OAB especially after botulinum toxin.

Methods: Case notes of all children receiving Mirabegron between July 2017 and February 2020 were reviewed.

Bioactive-Based Cosmeceuticals: An Update on Emerging Trends.

Cosmetic-containing herbals are a cosmetic that has or is claimed to have medicinal properties, with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits. There are no legal requirements to prove that these products live up to their claims. The name is a combination of "cosmetics" and "pharmaceuticals".

Comparison between Medical Student Educators and Program Directors in 2010 and 2019.

 Over the last decade, prominence of the Directors of Medical Student Education in Ophthalmology (DMSEs) within the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) has increased. With increased recognition of this important leadership position, an examination of the trending demographic differences between DMSEs and the Ophthalmology Program Directors (PDs) may be helpful, especially in regard to the potential for academic promotion from each track.  Present study is a database study.

Current Scope of Online Ophthalmology Education and Curriculum Impact Due to COVID-19.

 Abrupt changes in ophthalmology education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in novel online curriculum development. The aims of this study were to identify (1) the scope of online curricula implemented both prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) perception of educators on these online modalities; and (3) early lessons from online implementation that may guide future curricular planning.  Implementation of online curricula was evaluated by using a national online survey of Ophthalmology Directors of Medical Student Education (DMSE) via Qualtrics software.

The Vision Detroit Project: Visual Burden, Barriers, and Access to Eye Care in an Urban Setting.

Purpose: Vision loss and blindness are among the top ten disabilities in the United States, yet access and utilization of eye care remains low. Vision Detroit aimed to address eye-care disparities via community-based screenings. By investigating burden of eye disease and barriers to eye-care utilization in an underserved urban community, we may direct efforts to improve access.

An Update on the Recent Advances in Cubosome: A Novel Drug Delivery System.

Cubosomes are highly stable nanostructured liquid crystalline dosage delivery form, derived from amphiphilic lipids and polymer-based stabilizers converting it in a form of effective biocompatible carrier for the drug delivery. The delivery form comprised of bicontinuous lipid bilayers arranged in three-dimensional honeycombs like structure provided with two internal aqueous channels for the incorporation of many s biologically active ingredients. In contrast to liposomes, they provide a large surface area for the incorporation of different types of ingredients.

Onabotulinum toxin-A versus extended release tolterodine in the management of idiopathic overactive bladder in children: A pilot randomised controlled trial (OVERT trial).

Background: Idiopathic Overactive Bladder is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in children. Anticholinergic medications are successful in only 20% of those with daily wetting so there is a real need to find a more effective treatment for this condition. Onabotulinum toxin A injections are often used as a treatment but there have been no randomised controlled trials investigating effectiveness in children.

Three-year outcomes of trabeculectomy and Ahmed valve implant in patients with prior failed filtering surgeries.

Purpose: To compare three-year surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy versus Ahmed valves in patients with prior failed trabeculectomy.

Methods: This is a longitudinal retrospective comparative study of one-hundred twenty adult patients with prior failed trabeculectomy who underwent a repeat trabeculectomy or Ahmed valve implant. Demographic and clinical data were collected up to 3 years on all study participants at the Kresge Eye Institute from 2004 to 2016.