Molecular typing of Kell, Kidd, and Duffy antigens in direct antiglobulin test-positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia patients.

Background: In autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients, conventional pretransfusion testing is difficult to interpret due to the presence of autoantibodies which may show panreactivity. Molecular phenotyping of red cell antigens could potentially be used to precisely match blood units, thereby reducing the need to perform intensive serologic laboratory testing, hence time delay in providing transfusion to such patients. The aim of this study is to perform the molecular typing for Kell, Kidd, and Duffy blood group antigens in direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-positive red blood cells of AIHA patients and provide corresponding antigen-matched blood for transfusion therapy.

A comparison of serological phenotyping and molecular genotyping for Kell, Kidd, and Duffy antigens in multi-transfused thalassemia patients.

Background: In multi-transfused thalassemia patients, serological phenotyping fails to test patient's actual blood group antigen profile due to the presence of donor red blood cell (RBC) in the circulation. This limitation of serological tests can be overcome by genotype determination using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. The aim of this study is to compare the serological phenotyping of Kell, Kidd, and Duffy blood group systems with molecular genotyping in the normal blood donors and multi-transfused thalassaemia patients.

CT findings of proctitis in two patients with Mpox.

Mpox (formerly known as Monkeypox) has emerged as a public health crisis in 2022 with recent global spread outside of endemic regions and secondary transmission of this zoonotic disease between humans. The current outbreak predominantly affects men who have sex with men (MSM). Classically, Mpox presents with fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy; however, in the MSM population, genital/perianal skin lesions and rectal pain due to proctitis are commonly present.

The "Target Sign" in a 46-Year-Old Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia.

COVID-19 has various imaging manifestations, most commonly peripheral ground-glass opacities with a basilar posterior predominance. Less common imaging manifestations include consolidations, findings typical of organizing pneumonia, such as "halo" or a "reverse halo" sign, and vascular enlargement. Our case describes a "target sign" on CT, which is uncommon but is increasingly being recognized.

Implementation of internal quality control program for monitoring of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performance at a blood center.

Background: Internal quality control (IQC) samples may be incorporated in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) routinely for detection of errors occurring due to change in environmental conditions, test system, or operator performance. We have described methodology for preparation of IQC samples, monitoring of results using Levey-Jennings (LJ) charts and their interpretation. We have also described our experience of quality control in ELISA using IQC samples, identification of errors and corrections applied.

A study on factors influencing the hemostatic potential of fresh frozen plasma.

Background: Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is administered to correct deficiencies of various coagulation factors. The level of these factors in FFP varies with donor demographics and ex-vivo processing of plasma. In this study we have compared the quality control parameters of FFP collected from donors of different genders, age groups, ABO blood groups, smoking and alcohol intake habits.

Techniques used for the screening of hemoglobin levels in blood donors: current insights and future directions.

Blood donor hemoglobin (Hb) estimation is an important donation test that is performed prior to blood donation. It serves the dual purpose of protecting the donors' health against anemia and ensuring good quality of blood components, which has an implication on recipients' health. Diverse cutoff criteria have been defined world over depending on population characteristics; however, no testing methodology and sample requirement have been specified for Hb screening.

Snake in the grass: A case report of transfusion reactions due to contaminated donor arm disinfectant.

Bacterial contamination of blood components remains an on-going challenge. In the majority of cases, organisms contaminating the blood components are a part of normal skin flora. Here, we report a case of bacterial contamination of blood units through contaminated donor arm disinfectant.

Enhancement of Antibody Titre and Development of Additional Red Cell Alloantibodies Following Intrauterine Transfusion.

Intrauterine blood transfusion is the mainstay of managing foetuses with severe anemia. It may however result in fetomaternal hemorrhage, which in cases of Rh isoimmunisation may increase the severity of the disease by enhancing the maternal immunological response to fetal antigens. This study was conducted to determine the frequency, specificity and origin of additional red cell antibodies which developed after IUT.

Platelet growth factors from allogeneic platelet-rich plasma for clinical improvement in split-thickness skin graft.

Background And Objectives: Platelets are a source of numerous growth factors which facilitate repair and healing. Thus platelet rich plasma has been increasingly used as a treatment modality in the field of reconstructive surgeries for wound healing. This preliminary study was carried out to explore whether platelet growth factors from platelet rich plasma could be used for enhancement of split thickness skin graft survival.

Comparative evaluation of gel column agglutination and erythrocyte magnetized technology for red blood cell alloantibody titration.

Antibody titration is traditionally performed using a conventional test tube (CTT) method, which is subjected to interlaboratory variations because of a lack of standardization and reproducibility. The aim of this study is to compare newer methods such as get column technology (GCT) and erythrocyte magnetized technology (EMT) for antibody titration in terms of accuracy and precision. Patient serum samples that contained immunoglobin G (IgG) red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies of a single specificity for Rh or K anitgens were identified during routine transfusion service testing and stored.

Determining the Effect of Preparation and Storage: An Effort to Streamline Platelet Components as a Source of Growth Factors for Clinical Application.

Background: In the present study, different methods for preparation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are investigated in order to standardize the component in terms of growth factor content. The effects of concentration technique and storage duration are also analyzed.

Methods: PRP was collected from 40 donors by plateletpheresis as well as by the buffy coat and tube method.

Evaluation of a red cell leukofilter performance and effect of buffy coat removal on filtration efficiency and post filtration storage.

Prestorage leukoreduction of red cells is effective in reducing the incidence of HLA alloimmunization and improving the quality of stored packed red blood cells (PRBC). This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Imugard III-RC 4P in removing the leukocyte from packed red cells and the storage effects thereafter. The effects of buffy coat removal on the efficiency of leukofiltration, storage parameters of leukofiltered packed red blood cells and feasibility of prestorage leukofiltration were also assessed.

Evaluation of various methods of point-of-care testing of haemoglobin concentration in blood donors.

Background: Point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for determining pre-donation haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations mark the advent of advanced technology for blood banks. POCT devices have undergone several improvements including changes in testing methodology and size of device, befitting the needs of blood donors and blood banks in terms of safety and quality of blood components. This study was planned to evaluate the suitability of non-invasive and invasive POCT devices for blood donor Hb screening.

A case of passenger lymphocyte syndrome following minor ABO incompatible renal transplantation.

Immune hemolysis is one of the adverse effects that can occur following solid organ transplantation. Understanding the clinical settings and the various causes is necessary for prompt diagnosis and appropriate management. One such condition is passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS).

Knowledge, attitude, and beliefs of young, college student blood donors about Human immunodeficiency virus.

Introduction: Young people, who tend to be healthy, idealistic, and motivated, are an excellent pool of potential voluntary unpaid blood donors. Recruiting and retaining young blood donors improves the long term safety and sufficiency of a country's blood supply. Knowledge, attitude, and beliefs about Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should play an important role in prevention of disease transmission.

A rare case report of chronic variable immunodeficiency divulged by ABO discrepancy.

ABO discrepancy refers to incongruence between the results of red cell and serum groupings. One such case is described here; the discrepant results of whose routine ABO grouping led to the diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency. There was no reaction in the reverse grouping of a young patient presenting with recurrent bacterial infections, pointing towards an absence of antibodies in the serum.

Evaluation of health care workers' knowledge and functioning of blood centres in north India: a questionnaire based survey.

For quality, safety and efficacy of blood components, adequate infrastructure and trained manpower are essential requirements. Objective of this study is to analyse existing systems of transfusion services in north India, various testing methodologies practiced and to assess the level of knowledge of health care professionals working at these centres. Participants included laboratory technicians and nurses whose knowledge and various practices at blood centres were assessed using a questionnaire.