Fine tuning dual active sites in modulating cascade electrocatalytic nitrate reduction over covalent organic framework.

Conversion of NO to NH proceeds stepwise in natural system under two different enzymes involving intermediate NO. Artificial electro-driven NO reduction also faces the obstacle of low faradaic efficiency due to insufficient utilization of this intermediate. Herein, we demonstrate a bimetallic COF-based electrocatalyst for the cascade catalysis of NO-to-NO-to-NH for the first time.

Identification and characterization of candidate detoxification genes in Gahan (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

The wood-boring beetles, including the majority of Cerambycidae, have developed the ability to metabolize a variety of toxic compounds derived from host plants and the surrounding environment. However, detoxification mechanisms underlying the evolutionary adaptation of a cerambycid beetle to hosts and habitats are largely unexplored. Here, we characterized three key gene families in relation to detoxification (cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: P450s, carboxylesterases: COEs and glutathione-S-transferases: GSTs), by combinations of transcriptomics, gene identification, phylogenetics and expression profiles.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Odorant and Gustatory Receptors in Six Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).

The chemical interactions of insects and host plants are shaping the evolution of chemosensory receptor gene families. However, the correlation between host range and chemoreceptor gene repertoire sizes is still elusive in Papilionidae. Here, we addressed the issue of whether host plant diversities are correlated with the expansions of odorant (ORs) or gustatory (GRs) receptors in six butterflies.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Odorant-Binding Proteins in with Focus on the Perception of Two PxutGOBPs to Host Odorants and Insecticides.

In this study, we annotated 49 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in , with four novel genes and seven improved sequences. Expression profiles identified numerous OBPs in antennae or reproductive tissues. Using two antenna-enriched general OBPs (PxutGOBP1 and PxutGOBP2) as targets, we screened three key compounds by a reverse chemical ecology strategy.

Transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes in the biosynthetic pathway of sex pheromones from a zygaenid moth, (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae).

In most moth species, sex pheromones responsible for mating and communication of both sexes are primarily produced by the pheromone glands (PGs) of female moths. Although the PG transcriptomes and pheromone production related genes from 24 moth species have been characterized, studies on the related information remain unknown in the Zygaenidae family. Here, we sequenced the PG transcriptome of a zygaenid moth, .

Identification and expression profiling of chemosensory membrane protein genes in Achelura yunnanensis (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae).

During the past decade, antennal transcriptome sequencing has been applied to at least 50 species from 16 families of the Lepidoptera order of insects, emphasizing the identification and characterization of chemosensory-related genes. However, little is known about the chemosensory genes in the Zygaenidae family of Lepidoptera. Herein, we report the transmembrane protein gene repertoires involved in chemoreception from Achelura yunnanensis (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) through transcriptome sequencing, bioinformatics, phylogenetics and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches.

[Chemical constituents of rhizomes of Smilax ferox].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the rhizomes of Smilax ferox which was widely used in the folk.

Method: The constituents of the rhizomes of S. ferox were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel column, MCI column, Sephadex LH-20 column and RP C18 column chromatography, and their structures were elueidated on the basis of spectral analysis.