The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter of Pulmonary Type 2 Cells Determines Severity of ARDS.

Acute lung immunity to inhaled pathogens elicits defensive pneumonitis that may convert to the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), causing high mortality. Mechanisms underlying the conversion are not understood, but are of intense interest because of the ARDS-induced mortality in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Here, by optical imaging of live lungs we show that key to the lethality is the functional status of mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering across the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) in the alveolar type 2 cells (AT2), which protect alveolar stability.

Role of mitochondria in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Influencing the NAD-dependent SIRT1-PGC-1α-TFAM pathway.

Survival of human peripheral nervous system neurons and associated distal axons is highly dependent on energy. Diabetes invokes a maladaptation in glucose and lipid energy metabolism in adult sensory neurons, axons and Schwann cells. Mitochondrial (Mt) dysfunction has been implicated as an etiological factor in failure of energy homeostasis that results in a low intrinsic aerobic capacity within the neuron.

Assembly of the complexes of oxidative phosphorylation triggers the remodeling of cardiolipin.

Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial phospholipid with a very specific and functionally important fatty acid composition, generated by tafazzin. However, in vitro tafazzin catalyzes a promiscuous acyl exchange that acquires specificity only in response to perturbations of the physical state of lipids. To identify the process that imposes acyl specificity onto CL remodeling in vivo, we analyzed a series of deletions and knockdowns in and , including carriers, membrane homeostasis proteins, fission-fusion proteins, cristae-shape controlling and MICOS proteins, and the complexes I-V.

Petrology and geochemistry dataset of the Precambrian granitoids from the part of Gadwal schist belt, Eastern Dharwar Craton India.

The data presented in this article related to the research article entitled "Petrology and Geochemistry of the Precambrian granitoids from the part of Gadwal schist belt, Eastern Dharwar craton India". The granitoids from the Gadwal schist belt area of the Telangana State are confined to Precambrian gneissic complex part of Eastern Dharwar Craton. The article described the petrology and whole rock geochemistry in the Precambrian gneissic complex part of gadwall schist belt.

Petrology and geochemistry data of the precambrian granitoids from the Hyderabad area, part of Eastern Dharwar Craton, Telangana state India.

The data presented in this article are related to research to the research article entitled 'Petrology and Geochemistry Data of the Precambrian granitoids from the Hyderabad part of Eastern Dharwar Craton, Telangana state, India'. The granitoids from the Hyderabad area of the Telangana State are confined to the Precambrian gneissic complex of the northern-eastern part of Eastern Dharwar Craton. They cover 7760 Sq.

The import of the transcription factor STAT3 into mitochondria depends on GRIM-19, a component of the electron transport chain.

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a nuclear transcription factor, is also present in mitochondria and regulates cellular respiration in a transcriptional-independent manner. The mechanism of STAT3 import into mitochondria remains obscure. In this report we show that mitochondrial-localized STAT3 resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Transforming growth factor-beta induces cellular injury in experimental diabetic neuropathy.

The mechanism/s leading to diabetic neuropathy are complex. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) has been associated with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy but not neuropathy. In this study, changes in TGF-beta isoforms were examined in vivo and in vitro.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and diabetic neuropathy.

Multiple in vivo and in vitro studies show that excessive release of glutamate, and subsequent activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and some metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) cause neuronal cell death through either necrosis or apoptosis. However, recently alternative evidence has shown that mGluRs have modulatory effects on excitotoxicity and neuronal cell death. Metabotropic glutamate receptors form a family of eight subtypes (mGluR1-8), subdivided into three groups (I-III) that initiate their biological effects by G protein-linked intracellular signal transduction.

Possible involvement of cholinergic and opioid receptor mechanisms in fluoxetine mediated antinociception response in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Clinical and experimental studies have been reported that antidepressant drugs can be used as co-analgesics in the management of neuropathic pain. However, the mechanism through which they alleviate pain still remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanism of action of fluoxetine-induced antinociceptive effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, especially the involvement of non-serotonergic neurotransmitters and their receptors.

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, attenuates diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Diabetic nephropathy is a serious microvascular complication and one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease. Various studies have revealed that increased oxidative stress is a major pathophysiological mechanism which is involved in the etiology of diabetic nephropathy. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin present in red wine, is known to possess potent antioxidant properties and thus we aimed to examine its effect on renal function and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Modulatory role of green tea extract on antinociceptive effect of morphine in diabetic mice.

Diabetic neuropathic pain is an important microvascular complication, and morphine has been demonstrated to be ineffective in this condition. Therefore the present study was designed to investigate the modulatory effect of green tea extract (GTE) on the decreased antinociceptive effect of morphine in diabetic mice. The tail withdrawal test was performed for measurement of the nociceptive threshold in both streptozotocin (STZ)-injected and control mice.

Diltiazem attenuates oxidative stress in diabetic rats.

Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of end stage renal damage. Oxidative stress is involved in the etiology of diabetic nephropathy and intracellular calcium is reported to play a considerable role in the development of renal damage in the diabetic kidney. Calcium antagonism can slow the progression of renal impairment in diabetes.

Quercetin attenuates thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Neuropathic pain is one of the important microvascular complications of diabetes. Oxidative stress and superoxide play a critical role in the development of neurovascular complications in diabetes. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin, a bioflavonoid on thermal nociceptive responses in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats assessed by tail-immersion and hot plate methods.

Effect of irbesartan on the antioxidant defence system and nitric oxide release in diabetic rat kidney.

Background/aims: Increased oxidative stress is involved in the aetiology of diabetic nephropathy, and angiotensin II is reported to play a considerable role in the development of renal damage in diabetic kidney. Angiotensin antagonism can slow the progression of renal impairment in diabetes. The present study was thus designed to examine the effect of an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, irbesartan on renal function, oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) release in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Fluoxetine attenuates thermal hyperalgesia through 5-HT1/2 receptors in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Diabetic neuropathic pain, an important microvascular complication in diabetes mellitus, is recognised as one of the most difficult types of pain to treat. A lack of understanding of its aetiology, inadequate relief, development of tolerance and potential toxicity of classical antinociceptives warrant the investigation of newer agents to relieve this pain. The aim of the present study was to explore the antinociceptive effect and possible mechanism of action of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Nordihydroguairetic acid, a lignin, prevents oxidative stress and the development of diabetic nephropathy in rats.

Recent evidences indicate a pivotal role of reactive oxygen species in etiology of diabetic nephropathy, an important microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, oxidative stress leads to an increased production of lipoxygenase derivatives which also play a role in diabetic nephropathy. The present study was thus designed to examine the effect of an antioxidant and a lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguairetic acid (NDGA), on renal function and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Quercetin, an anti-oxidant bioflavonoid, attenuates diabetic nephropathy in rats.

1. Diabetic nephropathy is an important microvascular complication and one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that oxidative stress is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Antidepressant activity of quercetin, a bioflavonoid, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Depression is highly prevalent in diabetics and is associated with poor glucose regulation and increased risk of diabetic complications. Identification and effective treatment of comorbid depression are increasingly being considered essential components of clinical care of diabetics. In the present study, the antidepressant activity of quercetin (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.

Attenuation of cyclosporine-induced renal dysfunction by catechin: possible antioxidant mechanism.

One of great use of immunosuppressant, Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is in the solid organ transplantation; however the extensive use of this is cautionable due to its toxic effect in renal tissue, characterized by the tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and progressive renal impairment. However, there are many mediators are associated with pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity of CsA, the exact mechanism is still in debate. Recent studies indicate that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidations are the important mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of nephrotoxicity with CsA.

Quercetin, a bioflavonoid, attenuates thermal hyperalgesia in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathic pain.

Diabetic neuropathic pain, an important microvascular complication in diabetes mellitus, has been recognised as one of the most difficult types of pain to treat. Lack of understanding of etiology involved, inadequate relief, development of tolerance and potential toxicity of classical antinociceptives warrant the investigation of newer agents to relieve pain. The aim of the present study was to explore the antinociceptive effect of a bioflavonoid, quercetin, both in control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.

Protective effect of pioglitazone against multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.

The autoimmune process is one of the etiological factors of diabetes in humans. Thiazolidinediones, which act through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, have been recently used to prevent diabetic-associated complications in patients with diabetes and insulin resistance. In the present study, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone on the diabetes induced by multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLDS) in rats.

Studies on gastrointestinal tract functional changes in diabetic animals.

Diarrhea and constipation are frequently reported gastrointestinal complications in diabetic patients. These disorders seem to be the consequence of altered innervations of a receptor system in the gastrointestinal tract in diabetes. We investigated the functional changes of cholinergic and beta-adrenergic receptor activities in rat ileum tissue after 8 weeks of control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats.