Comparison of characteristics between nonobese and overweight/obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a South Indian population.

Aims: This study was designed to compare the characteristics of nonobese and overweight/obese subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an urban South Indian population.

Subjects And Methods: The study group comprises 541 subjects drawn from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), which was carried out on a representative sample of Chennai city in southern India. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography.

Serum adiponectin helps to differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes among young Asian Indians.

Objective: This study assessed whether serum adiponectin could be used as a biochemical marker to differentiate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among young Asian Indians.

Research Design And Methods: We recruited age- and sex-matched individuals with physician-diagnosed T1DM (n=70) and T2DM (n=72). All were 12-27 years of age with a duration of diabetes of >2 years, at a large tertiary-care diabetes center in Chennai, southern India.

The prevalence of presarcopenia in Asian Indian individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.

Objective: This study compared the skeletal muscle mass and prevalence of presarcopenia between Asian Indian individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Participants with type 2 diabetes (n=76) and age- and sex-matched controls without diabetes (n=76) were drawn from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES), which was carried out on a representative sample of Chennai City in South India. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the appendicular skeletal muscle mass by the square of the individual's height in meters and expressed as kg/m(2).

Clinical profile of long-term survivors and nonsurvivors with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To compare clinical profile of long-term survivors and nonsurvivors with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Research Design And Methods: After conducting a retrospective survey of >200,000 case records, we identified T2DM survivors (>40 years of duration) and age at diagnosis and sex-matched T2DM nonsurvivors. Prevalence of complications and causes of death were analyzed.

1-hour venous plasma glucose and incident prediabetes and diabetes in Asian indians.

Background: This study evaluated 1-h plasma glucose (1HrPG) levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in predicting progression to diabetes and prediabetes among individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Subjects And Methods: After analyzing the electronic records of 32,809 subjects who had undergone an OGTT, we identified 1,179 subjects who had NGT at baseline, defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of < 100 mg/dL and 2-h plasma glucose (2HrPG) of < 140 mg/dL, who had at least one follow-up OGTT. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to derive the optimal 1HrPG values, which were associated with the development of diabetes (FPG of ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2HrPG of ≥ 200 mg/dL) or prediabetes (FPG ≥ 100 to <1 26 mg/dL or 2HrPG of ≥ 140 to < 200 mg/dL) at follow-up in these NGT subjects.

Associations of β-cell function and insulin resistance with youth-onset type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among Asian Indians.

Aim: This study examined β-cell function and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) in Asian Indian youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM-Y) and prediabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Eighty-two subjects with non-insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes and age of onset below 25 years were recruited within 18 months of diagnosis and compared with age- and sex-matched subjects with prediabetes (n=31) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 83). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured, and blood samples were taken in the fasting state and after 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of an oral glucose load for assessment of plasma glucose and insulin levels.

Prevention of diabetes in rural India with a telemedicine intervention.

Background: Diabetes care is not presently available, accessible, or affordable to people living in rural areas in developing countries, such as India. The Chunampet Rural Diabetes Prevention Project (CRDPP) was conceived with the aim of implementing comprehensive diabetes screening, prevention, and treatment using a combination of telemedicine and personalized care in rural India.

Methods: This project was undertaken in a cluster of 42 villages in and around the Chunampet village in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India.

Type of vegetable oils used in cooking and risk of metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians.

There is little data on the type of vegetable oil used and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Asian Indians. Food frequency questionnaire was used to document the type of cooking oil in 1875 adults in Chennai city. MS was assessed by new harmonizing criteria.

Drugs affecting HbA1c levels.

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an important indicator of glycemic control in diabetes mellitus, based on which important diagnostic and therapeutic decisions are routinely made. However, there are several situations in which the level of HbA1c may not faithfully reflect the glycemic control in a given patient. Important among these is the use of certain non-diabetic medications, which can affect the HbA1c levels in different ways.

Convergence of adipocyte hypertrophy, telomere shortening and hypoadiponectinemia in obese subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Although telomere shortening has been linked with type 2 diabetes and most variables of adiposity, a shortcoming of such studies is the measurement of telomere length in leukocytes. Therefore, we tested the association among adipocyte cell size, telomere length (both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue) and systemic levels of adiponectin in obese subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes compared to control subjects.

Methods: Human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were obtained from the subjects who have undergone bariatric surgery or other abdominal surgeries.

Prevalence of diabetes in Asian Indians based on glycated hemoglobin and fasting and 2-H post-load (75-g) plasma glucose (CURES-120).

Objective: With the introduction of glycated hemoglobin (A1c) as a method of screening for diabetes, it is essential to study how use of A1c would affect the prevalence of diabetes in different ethnic groups. We compared the prevalence of diabetes by fasting (FPG) and 2-h post-load (75-g) plasma glucose (2-h PG) and A1c criteria in an Asian Indian population.

Research Design And Methods: Subjects (n=2,188) without known diabetes were drawn from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study, a population-based study in Chennai, South India.

Association of glycated hemoglobin with carotid intimal medial thickness in Asian Indians with normal glucose tolerance.

Aim: To assess the association of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT) in Asian Indians with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods: Subjects with NGT were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study carried out on a representative population of Chennai, South India. All subjects had fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dl (5.

Clinical profile and complications of childhood- and adolescent-onset type 2 diabetes seen at a diabetes center in south India.

Objective: This study describes the clinical characteristics of childhood- and adolescent-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (CAT2DM) seen at a diabetes center in southern India.

Research Design And Methods: Between January 1992 and December 2009, 368 CAT2DM patients were registered. Anthropometric measurements were done using standardized techniques.

Association of depression with complications of type 2 diabetes--the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES- 102).

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between depression and diabetic complications among urban south Indian type 2 diabetic subjects [T2DM].

Methods: T2DM subjects [n = 847] were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study [CURES], a population based study in Chennai (formerly Madras) in South India. A previously validated depression questionnaire [PHQ-12 item] was administered.

Secular trends of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes and diabetes secondary to alcoholic chronic pancreatitis at a tertiary care diabetes centre in South India.

Context: Data on prevalence and trends in diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis in developing countries is scarce.

Objective: To compare the secular trends in the prevalence of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) and diabetes secondary to alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) at a diabetes centre in south India.

Design: A retrospective analysis was done of all patients registered at Dr.

Inflammatory markers in relation to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in urban South Indians.

Objective: This study assessed the association of inflammatory markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and total leukocyte count with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in urban South Indians.

Subjects And Methods: We randomly selected subjects with and without NAFLD (n=100 each) from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study conducted in Chennai in south India. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography.

The complex exocrine-endocrine relationship and secondary diabetes in exocrine pancreatic disorders.

The pancreas is a dual organ with exocrine and endocrine functions. The interrelationship of the endocrine-exocrine parts of the pancreas is a complex one, but recent clinical and experimental studies have expanded our knowledge. Many disorders primarily of the exocrine pancreas, often solely in the clinical realm of gastroenterologists are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Convergence of prevalence rates of diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in middle and low income groups in urban India: 10-year follow-up of the Chennai Urban Population Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to look for temporal changes in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in two residential colonies in Chennai.

Methods: Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS) was carried out between 1996-1998 in Chennai in two residential colonies representing the middle income group (MIG) and lower income group (LIG), respectively. The MIG had twice the prevalence rate of diabetes as the LIG and higher prevalence rates of hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia.

The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study: methodological details.

Background: Currently available estimates of diabetes prevalence in India are based on published data derived from very few studies. The Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study is a community-based survey conceived with the aim of obtaining the prevalence rates of diabetes in India as a whole, covering all 28 states, the National Capital Territory of Delhi, and two of the union territories in the mainland of India, with a total sample size of 124,000 individuals.

Methods: A stratified multistage sampling design has been used.

Clinical profile of diabetes in the young seen between 1992 and 2009 at a specialist diabetes centre in south India.

Aim: To describe the trends and clinical profile of young diabetic patients (YD) attending a tertiary diabetes centre in south India.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of 2630 YD patients (age at onset ≤25 years) registered between 1992 and 2009. Patients were classified as type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other types.

Prevalence and clinical profile of metabolic obesity and phenotypic obesity in Asian Indians.

Background: We estimated the prevalence of metabolically obese nonobese (MONO), metabolically obese obese (MOO), and metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals and correlated this with the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO) in urban South Indians.

Method: Study subjects (n = 2350) were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study. Generalized obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m(2), based on the World Health Organization Asia Pacific guidelines.

Effectiveness of sitagliptin in asian Indian patients with type 2 diabetes-an Indian tertiary diabetes care center experience.

Background: this study reports on the effectiveness of sitagliptin in Asian Indian type 2 diabetes patients seen at a tertiary diabetes care center who had inadequate glycemic control with oral hypoglycemic agents either alone or in combination, compared to a group of patients who received insulin glargine.

Patients And Methods: patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 2,817) whose glycemia was not controlled adequately (glycated hemoglobin >6.5%) with oral hypoglycemic agents (either alone or in combination) received oral sitagliptin 100 mg once daily in addition to existing therapy for a period of 24 weeks.

Prevalence of depression in relation to glucose intolerance in urban south Indians--the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-76).

Background: This study investigated the association between depression and glucose intolerance in urban residents of southern India.

Methods: Subjects were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, carried out on a representative sample of 26,001 subjects recruited from Chennai city in southern India. Subjects with known diabetes were excluded (n = 1,498).

Risk factors for microvascular complications of diabetes among South Indian subjects with type 2 diabetes--the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) Eye Study-5.

Background: This study assessed the relationship between and risk factors for microvascular complications of diabetes in an urban South Indian type 2 diabetes population.

Methods: Subjects with diabetes (n = 1,736) were selected from the population-based Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) Eye Study conducted on a representative population of Chennai city in south India. Four-field stereo retinal color photography was done, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) was classified according to the Early Treatment DR Study grading system.