A review on degradation of organic dyes by using metal oxide semiconductors.

The discharge of organic dye pollutants in natural water bodies has put forward a big challenge of providing clean water to a large part of the population. As the population is increasing with time, only underground water is not sufficient to complete the water requirements of everyone everywhere. Purification of wastewater and its reuse is the only way to fulfill the water needs.

Outcomes in emergency versus electively scheduled cases of placenta accreta spectrum disorder managed by cesarean-hysterectomy within a multidisciplinary care team.

Objective: Compare maternal and perinatal outcomes between emergency and electively scheduled cesarean-hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders.

Method: Single-center retrospective cohort study including 125 cases of antenatally suspected and pathologically confirmed PAS disorders. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed.

Circulating maternal placental growth factor responses to low-molecular-weight heparin in pregnant patients at risk of placental dysfunction.

Background: Patients at high risk of severe preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction have low circulating levels of placental growth factor and features of maternal vascular malperfusion placental pathology at delivery. Multimodal screening and commencement of aspirin prophylaxis at 11 to 13 weeks' gestation markedly reduces the risk of preterm delivery with preeclampsia. However, the additional role of low-molecular-weight heparin and mechanisms of action remain uncertain.

Stillbirth Following Normal Ultrasound Findings and Maternal Placental Growth Factor Levels.

Background: Attempts to reduce the current rate of antepartum stillbirth in the late third trimester have largely focused on the accurate identification of fetal growth restriction. Universal ultrasound significantly increases detection, especially when combined with maternal angiogenic growth factors, but this screening strategy is not well suited to identify umbilical cord pathology. While this poses unique challenges to pregnancy care, the recurrence risk of cord obstruction is low in comparison with many intrinsic placental diseases.

Sex differences in uterine artery Doppler during gestation in pregnancies complicated by placental dysfunction.

Background: There is growing evidence of sex differences in placental vascular development. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fetal sex on uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) throughout gestation in a cohort of normal and complicated pregnancies.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 240 pregnant women.

Quantification of Wave Reflection in the Human Umbilical Artery From Asynchronous Doppler Ultrasound Measurements.

Elevated umbilical artery pulsatility is a widely used biomarker for placental pathology leading to intra-uterine growth restriction and, in severe cases, still-birth. It has been hypothesized that placental pathology modifies umbilical artery pulsatility by altering the degree to which the pulse pressure wave, which originates from the fetal heart, is reflected from the placental vasculature to interfere with the incident wave. Here we present a method for estimating the reflected pulse wave in the umbilical artery of human fetuses using asynchronously acquired Doppler ultrasound measurements from the two ends of the umbilical cord.

Wharton's jelly area and its association with placental morphometry and pathology.

Introduction: Wharton's jelly (WJ) is the mucoid connective tissue that surrounds the vessels in the human umbilical cord and provides protection from compression and torsion in response to fetal movement. WJ is known to be altered in the presence of pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. The present study examined associations between the cross-sectional area of WJ measured by ultrasound and postpartum placental pathology and morphometry.