Support for market-based and command-and-control congestion relief policies in Latin American cities: Effects of mobility, environmental health, and city-level factors.

Public support for the implementation of congestion relief policies is critical for the policies' technical and political success. To identify the personal, social, and city-level factors associated with higher acceptance towards such policies, this study uses a 2016 survey of 8178 residents from 11 cities across 10 Latin American countries collected by the Development Bank of Latin America ( or CAF). We examined support for two demand-side approaches to managing the traffic congestion externality: congestion pricing - a market-based approach, and driving restrictions or bans - a command-and-control approach.