Cost-Effectiveness of Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnant Woman and Young Children in Preventing Rickets: A Modeling Study.

Literature on the cost of management of rickets and cost-effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing rickets is lacking. This study considered the cost-effectiveness of providing free vitamin D supplementation to pregnant women and children <4 years of age with varying degrees of skin pigmentation to prevent rickets in children. Estimates for the prevalence of rickets were calculated using all cases of rickets diagnosed in Central Manchester, UK and census data from the region.

Healthcare resource utilization in the management of hypophosphatasia in three patients displaying a spectrum of manifestations.

Background: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, heterogeneous disease caused by low tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity and associated with a range of signs and symptoms, including bone mineralization defects, respiratory problems, seizures, premature tooth loss, and fractures. Data from patients with HPP and their healthcare resource utilization are lacking. We evaluated healthcare utilization for 3 patients with differing severities of HPP.

Attitudes Toward Euthanasia Among Doctors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Cross Sectional study.

Context: Advances in expertise and equipment have enabled the medical profession to exercise more control over the processes of life and death, creating a number of moral and ethical dilemmas. People may live for extended periods with chronic painful or debilitating conditions that may be incurable.

Aim: This study attempts to study the attitudes of doctors toward euthanasia and the possible factors responsible for these attitudes.

Environmental tobacco and wood smoke increase the risk of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

Background: The etiology of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) remains unknown. A few studies have suggested passive smoke inhalation may be a risk factor, although the association is not confirmed and a causal relationship has not been established.

Questions/purposes: We therefore undertook this study to confirm an association between environmental tobacco smoke, firewood smoke, and socioeconomic status and the risk of LCPD.

Anthropometric measurements as predictors of cephalopelvic disproportion: Can the diagnostic accuracy be improved?

Objective: We assessed the efficacy of maternal anthropometric measurements and clinical estimates of fetal weight in isolation and in combination as predictors of cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary care teaching hospital, two affiliated hospitals with facilities for conducting cesarean delivery and seven affiliated primary care facilities with no operation theaters.

Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use in a highly literate rural community in southern India.

Background: The adverse effects of tobacco use on the health of an individual are well known. It is essential to identify factors leading to tobacco use to plan strategies to limit its use. Education is known to influence the prevalence of tobacco use.